Origin of the heavy elements in HD 140283. Measurement of europium abundance

HD 140283 is a nearby (V=7.7) subgiant metal-poor star, extensively analysed in the literature. Although many spectra have been obtained for this star, none showed a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio high enough to enable a very accurate derivation of abundances from weak lines. The detection of europium proves that the neutron-capture elements in this star originate in the r-process, and not in the s-process, as recently claimed in the literature. Based on the OSMARCS 1D LTE atmospheric model and with a consistent approach based on the spectrum synthesis code Turbospectrum, we measured the europium lines at 4129 {\AA} and 4205 {\AA}, taking into account the hyperfine structure of the transitions. The spectrum, obtained with a long exposure time of seven hours at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), has a resolving power of 81000 and a S/N ratio of 800 at 4100 {\AA}. We were able to determine the abundance A(Eu)=-2.35 dex, compatible with the value predicted for the europium from the r-process. The abundance ratio [Eu/Ba]=+0.58 dex agrees with the trend observed in metal-poor stars and is also compatible with a strong r-process contribution to the origin of the neutron-capture elements in HD 140283.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. To be published in A\&

High temperature limit in static backgrounds

We prove that the hard thermal loop contribution to static thermal amplitudes can be obtained by setting all the external four-momenta to zero before performing the Matsubara sums and loop integrals. At the one-loop order we do an iterative procedure for all the 1PI one-loop diagrams and at the two-loop order we consider the self-energy. Our approach is sufficiently general to the extent that it includes theories with any kind of interaction vertices, such as gravity in the weak field approximation, for $d$ space-time dimensions. This result is valid whenever the external fields are all bosonic.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. To be published in Physical Review

High-resolution abundance analysis of HD 140283

HD 140283 is a reference subgiant that is metal poor and confirmed to be a very old star. The abundances of this type of old star can constrain the nature and nucleosynthesis processes that occurred in its (even older) progenitors. The present study may shed light on nucleosynthesis processes yielding heavy elements early in the Galaxy. A detailed abundance analysis of a high-quality spectrum is carried out, with the intent of providing a reference on stellar lines and abundances of a very old, metal-poor subgiant. We aim to derive abundances from most available and measurable spectral lines. The analysis is carried out using high-resolution (R = 81 000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (800 < S/N/pixel < 3400) spectrum, in the wavelength range 3700 - 10475, obtained with a seven-hour exposure time, using the ESPaDOnS at the CFHT. The calculations in LTE were performed with the OSMARCS 1D atmospheric model and the spectrum synthesis code Turbospectrum, while the analysis in NLTE is based on the MULTI code. We present LTE abundances for 26 elements, and NLTE calculations for the species C I, O I, Na I, Mg I, Al I, K I, Ca I, Sr II, and Ba II lines. The abundance analysis provided an extensive line list suitable for metal-poor subgiant stars. The results for Li, CNO, alpha-, and iron peak elements are in good agreement with literature. The newly NLTE Ba abundance, along with a NLTE Eu correction and a 3D Ba correction from literature, leads to [Eu/Ba] = +0.59 +/- 0.18. This result confirms a dominant r-process contribution, possibly together with a very small contribution from the main s-process, to the neutron-capture elements in HD 140283. Overabundances of the lighter heavy elements and the high abundances derived for Ba, La, and Ce favour the operation of the weak r-process in HD 140283.Comment: 34 pages, 27 figure

Thermal Effective Lagrangian of Static Gravitational Fields

We compute the effective Lagrangian of static gravitational fields interacting with thermal fields. Our approach employs the usual imaginary time formalism as well as the equivalence between the static and space-time independent external gravitational fields. This allows to obtain a closed form expression for the thermal effective Lagrangian in $d$ space-time dimensions.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Physical Review

Composição química e aminogramas de cultivares de milho em melhoramento genético.

bitstream/item/118240/1/composicao-quimica-e-aminogramas-milho.pd

Identification and analysis of the critical variables in the sugar cane production process

A cana-de-açúcar é uma das culturas mais importantes economicamente no Brasil, apresentando para os próximos anos perspectiva de expansão da área cultivada. Em razão do aumento da demanda, faz-se necessária a manutenção e o incremento da produtividade no campo, otimizando, assim, os recursos já disponibilizados. O aprimoramento das operações agrícolas envolvidas na produção é uma das alternativas para o aumento da produtividade. É necessário, por questões operacionais e custos envolvidos, identificar aquelas operações de maior importância e estabelecer os padrões a serem atendidos pelas mesmas. Para tanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e avaliar as variáveis críticas presentes no processo de produção da cana-de-açúcar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. A primeira constou da identificação das variáveis críticas por meio da FMEA Failure Mode and Effect Analysis - e a segunda da avaliação no campo da variável de maior criticidade, determinando a capacidade do processo por meio do índice Cpk. Dezessete variáveis foram identificadas, sendo o espaçamento irregular entre sulcos a mais crítica. Os sistemas de orientação da operação de sulcação, manual e automático, não são capazes de atender aos limites de tolerância do espaçamento entre sulcos adotados pela Usina. É necessário rever esses limites e/ou analisar alternativas para melhorar os sistemas, a fim de atender aos padrões desejados.The sugarcane is one of the most economically important crops in Brazil, presenting a perspective of cultivated areas expansion for the next years. In reason of the increasing at the demanding, there is a need of maintenance and increasing field yield, optimizing the already available resources. One of the alternatives for the yield increasing is the improvement of agricultural operations involved in the production. It is necessary, because of the operational issues and involved cost, to identify those of more importance and establish the patterns to be attend by then. This way the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the critical variables that are present in the sugarcane production process. The work was developed in two stages. The first one consisted of the identification of the critical variables through FMEA Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The second one was carried out in the field, in order to evaluate the most critical variable and determined the capacity of the process through the Cpk index. Seventeen variables were identified and among them the irregular spacing between furrows was considered as the most critical. The furrows systems guide, manual and automatic, are not capable of attending the tolerance limits adopted by the sugarcane mill. It is necessary to review these limits and/or analyze alternatives to improve the systems in order attend the wanted patterns

The graphene sheet versus the 2DEG: a relativistic Fano spin-filter via STM and AFM tips

We explore theoretically the density of states (LDOS) probed by an STM tip of 2D systems hosting an adatom and a subsurface impurity,both capacitively coupled to AFM tips and traversed by antiparallel magnetic fields. Two kinds of setups are analyzed, a monolayer of graphene and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The AFM tips set the impurity levels at the Fermi energy, where two contrasting behaviors emerge: the Fano factor for the graphene diverges, while in the 2DEG it approaches zero. As result, the spin-degeneracy of the LDOS is lifted exclusively in the graphene system, in particular for the asymmetric regime of Fano interference. The aftermath of this limit is a counterintuitive phenomenon, which consists of a dominant Fano factor due to the subsurface impurity even with a stronger STM-adatom coupling. Thus we find a full polarized conductance, achievable just by displacing vertically the position of the STM tip. To the best knowledge, our work is the first to propose the Fano effect as the mechanism to filter spins in graphene. This feature arises from the massless Dirac electrons within the band structure and allows us to employ the graphene host as a relativistic Fano spin-filter

Magnetization plateau in a two-dimensional multiple-spin exchange model

We study a multiple-spin exchange model on a triangular lattice, which is a possible model for low-density solid 3He films. Due to strong competitions between ferromagnetic three-spin exchange and antiferromagnetic four-spin one, the ground states are highly degenerate in the classical limit. At least 2^{L/2}-fold degeneracy exists on the L*L triangular lattice except for the SO(3) symmetry. In the magnetization process, we found a plateau at m/m_{sat}=1/2, in which the ground state is "uuud state" (a collinear state with four sublattices). The 1/2-plateau appears due to the strong four-spin exchange interaction. This plateau survives against both quantum and thermal fluctuations. Under a magnetic field which realizes the "uuud" ordered state, a phase transition occurs at a finite temperature. We predict that low-density solid 3He thin films may show the 1/2-plateau in the magnetization process. Experimental observation of the plateau will verify strength of the four-spin exchange. It is also discussed that this magnetization plateau can be understood as an insulating-conducting transition in a particle picture.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX, 12 figures, added a reference and corrected typos, to be published in Phys.Rev.B (01 APR 99

Uma análise das barreiras tarifárias no comércio internacional de lácteos.

bitstream/item/57090/1/BOP-32-Uma-Analise-das-Barreiras-Tarifarias-no-Comercio-Internacional-de-Lacteos.pd