105 research outputs found
Manifestations ophtalmologiques du lupus chez lâenfant
Le lupus à dĂ©but pĂ©diatrique est une maladie souvent sĂ©vĂšre, dont la morbiditĂ© Ă long terme est importante. Ses manifestations ophtalmologiques sont variĂ©es et peuvent ĂȘtre rĂ©vĂ©latrices. Elles sont reprĂ©sentĂ©es par les nodules cotonneux avec ou sans hĂ©morragies intra rĂ©tiniennes. Les auteurs rapportent l'observation d'un enfant ayant un lupus Ă©rythĂ©mateux dissĂ©minĂ© qui a prĂ©sentĂ© une vascularite rĂ©tinienne
Properties and regulation of gap junctional hemichannels in the plasma membranes of cultured cells.
NEBULAS: high performance data-driven event building architectures based on asynchronous self-routing packet-switching networks
Sorting Based on Urban Heritage and Income: Evidence from the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area
Lipopolysaccharide modifies amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport processes across human airway cells: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK 1/2 and 5
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are potent inducers of proinflammatory signaling pathways via the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ÎșB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), causing changes in the processes that control lung fluid homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of lung disease. In human H441 airway epithelial cells, incubation of cells with 15 ”g mlâ1 LPS caused a significant reduction in amiloride-sensitive Isc from 15â±â2 to 8â±â2 ”A cmâ2 (pâ=â0.01, nâ=â13) and a shift in IC50 amiloride of currents from 6.8âĂâ10â7 to 6.4âĂâ10â6 M. This effect was associated with a decrease in the activity of 5 pS, highly Na+ selective, amiloride-sensitive <1 ”M channels (HSC) and an increase in the activity of âŒ18 pS, nonselective, amiloride-sensitive >10 ”M cation channels (NSC) in the apical membrane. LPS decreased αENaC mRNA and protein abundance, inferring that LPS inhibited αENaC gene expression. This correlated with the decrease in HSC activity, indicating that these channels, but not NSCs, were comprised of at least αENaC protein. LPS increased NF-ÎșB DNA binding activity and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2, but decreased phosphorylation of ERK5 in H441 cells. Pretreatment of monolayers with PD98059 (20 ”M) inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, promoted phosphorylation of ERK5, increased αENaC protein abundance, and reversed the effect of LPS on Isc and the shift in amiloride sensitivity. Inhibitors of NF-ÎșB activation were without effect. Taken together, our data indicate that LPS acts via ERK signaling pathways to decrease αENaC transcription, reducing HSC/ENaC channel abundance, activity, and transepithelial Na+ transport in H441 airway epithelial cells
Combining farmers' decision rules and landscape stochastic regularities for landscape modelling
International audienceLandscape spatial organization (LSO) strongly impacts many environmental issues. Modelling agricultural landscapes and describing meaningful landscape patterns are thus regarded as key-issues for designing sustainable landscapes. Agricultural landscapes are mostly designed by farmers. Their decisions dealing with crop choices and crop allocation to land can be generic and result in landscape regularities, which determine LSO. This paper comes within the emerging discipline called "landscape agronomy", aiming at studying the organization of farming practices at the landscape scale. We here aim at articulating the farm and the landscape scales for landscape modelling. To do so, we develop an original approach consisting in the combination of two methods used separately so far: the identification of explicit farmer decision rules through on-farm surveys methods and the identification of landscape stochastic regularities through data-mining. We applied this approach to the Niort plain landscape in France. Results show that generic farmer decision rules dealing with sunflower or maize area and location within landscapes are consistent with spatiotemporal regularities identified at the landscape scale. It results in a segmentation of the landscape, based on both its spatial and temporal organization and partly explained by generic farmer decision rules. This consistency between results points out that the two modelling methods aid one another for land-use modelling at landscape scale and for understanding the driving forces of its spatial organization. Despite some remaining challenges, our study in landscape agronomy accounts for both spatial and temporal dimensions of crop allocation: it allows the drawing of new spatial patterns coherent with land-use dynamics at the landscape scale, which improves the links to the scale of ecological processes and therefore contributes to landscape ecology.L'organisation du paysage influe sur les problĂšmes environnementaux. ModĂ©liser les paysages pour les dĂ©crire Ă l'aide de formes significatives est une Ă©tage clĂ©. Les paysages agricoles sont principalement construits par les agriculteurs dont les dĂ©cision d'assolement peuvent ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©riques et dĂ©terminer des rĂ©gularitĂ©s dans l'organisation du paysage. Cet article contribue Ă l'agronomie des paysage qui est une discipline Ă©mergente. Nous cherchons Ă articuler les Ă©chelles du paysage et de l'exploitation agricole en dĂ©veloppant deux mĂ©thodes : l'une consiste Ă identifier les dĂ©cisions des agriculteurs par le bais d'enquĂȘtes, l'autre consiste Ă retrouver des rĂ©gularitĂ©s stochastiques dans le paysage par le bais de fouille de donnĂ©es. Nous avons appliquĂ© cette approche au paysage de la plaine de Niort en France. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les dĂ©cisions des agriculteurs en matiĂšre de tournesol et maĂŻs sont gĂ©nĂ©riques et ont des effets sur le paysages que des mĂ©thodes de fouille de donnĂ©es rĂ©vĂšlent et quantifient
The Transaction Costs Perspective on Standards as a Source of Trade and Productivity Growth
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