Handmade fish meal as a partial replacement of soybean meal in diets for feedlot lambs: Effects on growth performance, dietary energy and meat quality

With the aim to evaluate a handmade fishmeal (HFM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) in finishing diets, 36 intact male Dorper × Pelibuey lambs (41.43±7.38 kg of initial weight) were used in a completely randomized block design to test the following treatments: 1) Cracked corn-based diet containing 12% SBM, 2) inclusion of 3.5% of HFM partially replacing SBM, and 3) inclusion of 7% of HFM partially replacing SBM. Urea and limestone were utilized to balance diets in CP and calcium content. The feeding trial lasted 30 days. Replacement of SBM with HFM did not modify the effects on average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI), but there were numerical differences in ADG; HFM inclusion linearly improved gain-to-feed ratio; dietary net energy (NE) and observed-to-expected diet NE. Hot carcass weight and dressing percentage were not affected by HFM. Except a linear increase on C22:6, the effect of SBM replacement on fatty acid profile in meat was not significant. The meat pH registered at 24 h post-mortem linearly increased with HFM inclusion, but meat colour and sensorial values were unaffected. It was concluded that inclusion of up to 7% of HFM in diet as partial replacement of soybean meal did not negatively affect DMI and ADG, but can increase feed efficiency and dietary energy utilization. The effects of HFM on carcass and meat quality were inappreciable. Due to variations in handmade processing, it is important to verify its chemical composition before HFM can be incorporated into diets

Note on in vitro digestion of avocado products for pigs

In vitro (pepsin/pancreatin) digestibility coefficients of pulp, seed, and peel of avocados of the Creole and Hass varieties were studied according to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in which the factors were the variety and parts of the fruit. Creole avocado were heavier in natura than Hass exemplars (310.7 g and 156.8 g), whereas Hass had a greater proportion of pulp than the Creole fruits (76.0% and 64.6%). No significant interactions were observed. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) were higher for the Creole variety compared with the Hass. In vitro digestibility of N was similar in the pulp and seeds, and higher than in the peels (731, 773, and 550 g/kg-1, respectively). Use of the entire avocado as pig feedstuff would have a lower nutritional value compared with feeding just avocado pulp. Supplementation of a diet based on avocado with additional protein may be needed for optimal production

Ileal and Rectal Digestibility of Nutrients in Diets Based on Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit) for Pigs. Influence of the Inclusion of Zeolite

A change over design was used to study in two experiments the effect of inclusion of a Cuban natural zeolite (5%) in a soybean/grain meal formulated to contain 20% leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) meal. Responses criteria were apparent ileal and rectal digestibility and N balance indices in 6 Yorkshire×Landrace castrate male pigs each weighing on average 50 kg of initial live weight. In experiment 1, inclusion of 5% zeolite in the diet, determined a decrease in rectal digestibility of organic matter from 83.3-77.4% (p<0.10) and from 78.3-72.4% (p<0.05), respectively. In experiment 2, ileal digestibility of energy and N increased (p<0.05) respectively when 5% zeolite was added to the diet. Faecal concentration of total short chain fatty acids and ammonia were significantly (p<0.05) higher in pigs fed the diet containing zeolite (103 and 30 mmol/100 g DM) than when the animals were given the control feed (85 and 20 mmol/100 g DM) indicating a net capture of these metabolites by zeolite. In intact animals, a trend for retention of N to be higher in the diet with zeolite than in the other with no zeolite (48.4 and 47.0% of N intake) was noted. It is suggested that the inclusion of 5% of a Cuban natural zeolite in the diet is beneficial for digestive processes in the pig when this animal species is fed tree foliage as leucaena leaves. The incorporation of zeolite to this type of diet could influence pig digestive processes in a positive manner, probably in N economy. Other trials could be conducted to fix the optimal level of inclusion of zeolite in this type of diets.Un cambio sobre el diseño se utilizó para estudiar en dos experimentos el efecto de la inclusión de un natural cubano Zeolita (5%) en una harina de soja / grano formulada para contener 20% de leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Ingenio) comida. Los criterios de respuesta fueron digestibilidad ileal y rectal aparente y N índices de equilibrio en 6 Yorkshire × Landrace castrar cerdos machos cada uno pesando en promedio 50 kg de peso vivo inicial. En el experimento 1, La inclusión de 5% de zeolita en la dieta, determinó una disminución de la digestibilidad rectal de la materia orgánica de 83,3-77,4% (P <0,10) y de 78,3-72,4% (p <0,05), respectivamente. En el experimento 2, la digestibilidad ileal de la energía y N aumentó (P <0,05), respectivamente, cuando se añadió zeolita al 5% a la dieta. Concentración fecal de grasas totales de cadena corta Los ácidos y el amoníaco fueron significativamente (p <0.05) más altos en los cerdos alimentados con la dieta que contiene zeolita (103 y 30 Mmol / 100 g de DM) que cuando los animales recibieron el alimento de control (85 y 20 mmol / 100 g de DM) indicando un Neto de estos metabolitos por la zeolita. En animales intactos, una tendencia para la retención de N es mayor en la dieta Con zeolita que en el otro sin zeolita (48,4 y 47,0% de la ingesta de N). Se sugiere que la La inclusión del 5% de una zeolita natural cubana en la dieta es beneficiosa para los procesos digestivos en el cerdo cuando esto Las especies animales se alimentan del follaje del árbol como hojas de leucaena. La incorporación de zeolita a este tipo de dieta podría Influyen en los procesos digestivos del cerdo de una manera positiva, probablemente en la economía N. Otros ensayos podrían llevarse a cabo Para fijar el nivel óptimo de inclusión de zeolita en este tipo de dietas

LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY IN YOUNG PIGS FED DIETS OF GLUCOSE AND SOYBEAN MEAL

SUMMARY Nine 40 kg Cuban CC21 castrated male pigs were used to study the effect of feed intake (0.050, 0.100 and 0.150 DM (r, ash (r,. This effect was less significant (P&lt;0.05) for organic mater and energy digestibility (r, -0.715 and -0.795 MS (r, ceniza (r,. Esta influencia fue menos significativa (P&lt;0.05) para la digestibilidad de la materia orgánica y la energía (r, -0.715 y -0.79

Studies on the Cell Wall Digestibility in Pigs Fed Leucaena (Leucaena leucophala (Lam.) de Wit) Leaf Meal

Six crossbred castrate male pigs weighing on average 55 kg each were randomly allocated to 3 diets according to a duplicate 3×3 Latin square design to study digestion characteristics of cell wall fractions as determined by 0, 10 and 20% sun-dried leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam. de Wit) Leaf Meal (LM) in diets based on sugar cane molasses type B and soybean meal. A significant (p<0.01) decrease in lignin and cell content (1-NDF) digestibility was observed by increasing the level of LM in the diet. There was no treatment effect on digestibility of crude fibre and other detergent fractions of fibre. A significant interdependence was found between faecal fresh material output and WHC (p<0.001, R = 0.896). It could be suggested that a 2 moderate increase in LM up to 20% in the diet, should not determine a marked, deleterious effect on fibrous fraction digestibility as measured at the rectal site of growing pigs.Seis cerdos machos machos castrados cruzados que pesaban en promedio 55 kg cada uno fueron asignados aleatoriamente a 3 dietas De acuerdo con un duplicado 3 × 3 de diseño cuadrado latino para estudiar las características de la digestión de las fracciones de la pared celular como Determinada por 0, 10 y 20% de leucaena secada al sol (Leucaena leucocephala Lam. De Wit) en dietas A base de melaza de caña de azúcar tipo B y harina de soja. Una disminución significativa (p <0,01) en lignina y células (1-NDF) se observó aumentando el nivel de LM en la dieta. No hubo tratamiento Efecto sobre la digestibilidad de la fibra bruta y otras fracciones detergentes de fibra. Una interdependencia significativa fue Encontrado entre la producción de material fresco fecal y WHC (p <0,001, R = 0,896). Podría sugerirse 2 Moderado en LM hasta un 20% en la dieta, no debe determinar un efecto marcado, deletéreo en las fibras Digestibilidad de fracción medida en el sitio rectal de cerdos en crecimiento

Salida fecal y digestibilidad de materia seca en cerdos pelón Mexicano Nayaritas alimentados con dietas de pulpa fresca de aguacate (persea americana mill.)

A total of eight castrate male pigs, four Pelón Mexicano and four improved (predominantly LWxY) averaging approximately 35 kg were used to study faecal or rectal digestibility, as determined by diets either in form of grains and cereal meals, or this substituted for 20% avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fresh pulp according to a 2x2 change over design where the factors to be evaluated were the type of animal and the level of avocado in diet. There were not significant effect (P>0.05) of the genotype x diet interaction. It was found that Pelón Mexicano pigs showed a rectal digestibility of DM representing 98.1% of that improved animals (86.9 and 88.2% respectively). On the other hand, the diet containing 20% avocado determined a DM digestibility value aequal to that of the control diet (87.3%). There was not significant (P>0.05) effect of treatment between genotypes or diets. It was estimated that DM digestibility of fresh pulp of avocado accounted for 87.3%. It is considered that Pelón Mexicano pigs of Nayarit origin, at least for a live weight between 30 and 60 kg, DM digestibility of conventional diets or those containing 30% avocado pulp is very high in growing pigs. It is recommended to conduct studies of N and energy balance in Pelón Mexicano pigs either fed or not with diets rich in fresh pulp of avocado.Se usó un total de ocho cerdos machos castrados, cuatro Pelón Mexicano y cuatro mejorados (predominantemente LWxY) con un peso vivo aproximado de 35 kg, para estudiar índices de digestibilidad rectal o fecal, determinados por dietas en forma de harina de granos y cereales o de ésta con un 20% de sustitución por pulpa fresca de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.), de acuerdo con un diseño de cambio 2x2 donde los factores a evaluar fueron el tipo de animal y el nivel de aguacate en dieta. No se halló efecto significativo (P>0.05) en la interacción genotipo x dieta. Se encontró que los cerdos Pelón Mexicano mostraron una digestibilidad rectal de MS que representó el 98.1% de la correspondiente a los cerdos mejorados (86.9 y 88.2% respectivamente). Por otra parte, la dieta con 20% de aguacate determinó una digestibilidad de MS igual a la dieta control (87.3%). No se encontró efecto significativo (P>0.05) de tratamiento para los genotipos y dietas evaluadas. Se estimó un valor de digestibilidad de MS para la pulpa fresca de aguacate es equivalente a 87.3%. Se considera que en los cerdos Pelón Mexicano de origen nayarita, al menos para el peso vivo entre 30 y 60 kg, la digestibilidad de MS de dietas convencionales o con 20% de pulpa de aguacate es equivalente a la de cerdos mejorados. Por otra parte, se sugiere que la digestibilidad rectal de la pulpa de aguacate es muy alta en cerdos en crecimiento. Se recomienda hacer estudios de balance de N y energía en cerdos Pelón Mexicano alimentados o no con dietas ricas en pulpa fresca de aguacate

A note on serum insulin in mexican cuino pigs

In this study a 2×2 factorial arrangement was used to study the effect of sex and age on serum insulin levels in 24 growing Mexican Cuino pigs between 3 and 6 months old. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) neither for sex × age interaction nor for sex in any measured index. Overall, Mexican Cuino pigs had 14.4 and 50.8 kg of live weigh (p<0.001) and 9.33 and 19.26 u mLG of fasting serum insulin levels (p<0.001) at 1 3 and 6 months old, respectively. Pearson correlation matrix revealed significant differences (p<0.05) among age, live weigth and fasting insulin levels in the examined period of life in growing Mexican Cuino pigs. According to the present evaluation, hiperinsulinemia should be present in Mexican Cuino pigs, as it has been found in either obese conventional genotypes of pigs or genetically manipulated to be small and obese animals. This effect was accentuated as pigs aged up to 6 months life. Sex appeared to have no influence on serum status of Mexican Cuino pig insulin.En este estudio se utilizó un arreglo factorial 2 × 2 para estudiar el efecto del sexo y la edad sobre la insulina sérica En 24 cerdos Cuino mexicanos en crecimiento entre 3 y 6 meses de edad. No hubo diferencias significativas (P <0,05) ni para la interacción sexo × edad ni para el sexo en ningún índice medido. En general, los cerdos Cuino mexicanos 14,4 y 50,8 kg de peso vivo (p <0,001) y 9,33 y 19,26 u mLG de insulina en ayunas (p <0,001) a 1 3 y 6 meses, respectivamente. La matriz de correlación de Pearson reveló diferencias significativas (p <0,05) entre la edad, El peso vivo y los niveles de insulina en ayunas en el período de vida examinado en los cerdos Cuino mexicanos en crecimiento. Conforme En la presente evaluación, la hiperinsulinemia debe estar presente en los cerdos Cuino mexicanos, como se ha Ya sean genotipos convencionales obesos de cerdos o genéticamente manipulados para ser animales pequeños y obesos. Esta Efecto se acentuó como los cerdos de hasta 6 meses de vida. El sexo parecía no tener influencia en el estado sérico de Mexican Cuino porcino insulina