Analysis of factors influencing the modelling of occupant window opening behaviour in an office building in Beijing, China.

This paper introduces a longitudinal study monitoring occupants’ window opening behaviour in a mixed-mode office building in Beijing, China, when natural ventilation is specifically used for controlling the building’s indoor thermal environment. Based on the field measured data, the influence of factors, including outdoor air temperature, outdoor PM2.5, indoor air temperature, time of day, occupancy and previous window state, on the observed state of windows is analysed. All of them are influential on occupants’ window opening behaviour in the case study building, and so they can be used to model occupants’ window opening behaviour in buildings in China to achieve a better consideration of occupant behaviour in dynamic building performance simulation

Am J Prev Med

CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States2017-02-19T00:00:00Z26456878PMC531651

ICT enabled energy efficiency in manufacturing

Today, manufacturing is faced with a sustainability paradox in maintaining economic growth while consuming fewer resources. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has proven central to the performance driven development of modern manufacturing in supporting production systems on all levels. Given this pervasiveness ICTs have an unparalleled opportunity to address this sustainability paradox by enabling energy efficient viable manufacturing. The paper introduces the newly developed REViSITE methodology and taxonomy used and posited as a common means of categorising, comparing and qualitatively assessing ICT impact on energy efficiency. The approach was utilised in identifying that which is homogenous, heterogeneous and synergetic in terms of ICTs and best practices across multiple sectors within the project. This paper outlines ICTs that can support energy efficiency throughout the main lifecycle phases of a production system, identifying current gaps and describing a vision as to where future Research Technology Development (RTD) efforts should focus. Optimizing the energy usage of a production system often has implications that extend beyond its boundaries and as such this paper also highlights potential synergies with the energy grid sector, the built environment and support infrastructure like lighting. Finally, the paper reiterates some of the more important ICT elements to consider throughout the Manufacturing lifecycle and reemphasises the opportunity ICTs have for integrating manufacturing into a wider sustainable eco-system

Rehabilitation of earth constructions

International audienc

On-line Monitoring of Epoxy Resin Cure using Infrared Spectroscopy

The method described can be used to observe the cure in epoxy resins, it is a sensor to serve as an on line monitoring system of physical change of the resins during the curing time and the future behaviour of the part built. It is also proposed that the method can be applied in Stereolithography (SL). In this paper the method permits a rapid determination of the state of chemical reaction happening in an epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with a curing agent triethylenetetramine stoichiometric mixture. It uses a mid infrared Fourier transform (FT-IR) technique to analyse the mixture via an embedded fibre optic and an FT-IR spectrometer operating in the region of 4000-700 cm-1. An accurate concentration versus time of epoxy amine and the hydroxyl groups gave a good estimate of the extent of reaction. The chemical group peaks at 1132cm-1 and 3300-3400cm-1 where used to follow the disappearance of the epoxy, and the amine respectively, while the peak at 2970cm-1 was used as reference peak. A review of a number of techniques used in the study of the curing process of epoxy resins and a number of methods used in an on-line monitoring of thermoset resin cure process is referred to Keywords: Streolithography, epoxy/amine cure, FT-IR spectroscopy, extent of reaction, fiber optic sensor.Mechanical Engineerin

2010a) “ICT for Energy Efficiency: Towards Smart Buildings, Manufacturing, Lighting and Grids

ABSTRACT The European Union (EU) has set its specific target of a 20% energy reduction in EU energy consumption by 2020. Achieving this goal will require major breakthroughs in the research and development (R&D) of new technologies. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are today pervasive to all industrial and business sectors. They are expected to have a significant impact on energy efficiency in the future. In this paper, the four industrial disciplines of buildings, manufacturing, lighting and power grids are identified to have great potential to deploy ICT to improve their energy efficiency. These four sectors often come together in delivering infrastructures and environments for production, business and living, and together they produce and consume a significant proportion of Europe's energy. The state-of-the-art ICT for Energy Efficiency (ICT4EE) in these four sectors are discussed with focuses mainly on their available data on the potential impact, potential to improve through research, development and deployment, obstacles impeding the realisation of full potential, and actions which can be taken to accelerate achievement of potential. This leads to an ICT4EE impact assessment model which is needed to identify complementarities and synergies among these four sectors, harmonising common research and technological development (RTD) priorities, and establishing a cross-sectoral community with links to key stakeholders from them. A methodology for impact assessment model of ICT4EE has been designed on the basis of life cycle assessment and causal relationships which come from the currently existing research. The paper concludes that in order to achieve the full potential of ICT4EE, further support of multidisciplinary R&D and innovation demonstrating the potential of ICT based solutions are needed to boost, reinforce, foster and accelerate the deployment of energy efficient solutions in these four industrial domains