Antioxidant Catalytic And Biological Activities Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized By Using Lagerstreomia Specio Leaves

Nanoparticles have surprised the mankind ever since their dawn. The uniqueness in their properties compelled the scientific community to adopt different synthetic approaches. Though each synthetic route has its own importance yet among them green synthetic method is preferred over the others because of its costeffectiveness, eco-friendliness. We also synthesized the zinc oxide nanoparticles through green synthetic method. Zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared using Lagerstroemia Specio leaves were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering, Fourier Transformer-infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction for size, shape and nature. The so-prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles were studied for their various activities i.e. antioxidant activity, Catalytic activity, anti-diabetic activity, anti-microbial activity

Bone circuitry and interorgan skeletal crosstalk

The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone integrity in disease. Recent breakthroughs have arisen mainly from identifying disease-causing mutations and modeling human bone disease in rodents, in essence, highlighting the integrative nature of skeletal physiology. It has become increasingly clear that bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, communicate and regulate the fate of each other through RANK/RANKL/OPG, liver X receptors (LXRs), EphirinB2-EphB4 signaling, sphingolipids, and other membrane-associated proteins, such as semaphorins. Mounting evidence also showed that critical developmental pathways, namely, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), NOTCH, and WNT, interact each other and play an important role in postnatal bone remodeling. The skeleton communicates not only with closely situated organs, such as bone marrow, muscle, and fat, but also with remote vital organs, such as the kidney, liver, and brain. The metabolic effect of bone-derived osteocalcin highlights a possible role of skeleton in energy homeostasis. Furthermore, studies using genetically modified rodent models disrupting the reciprocal relationship with tropic pituitary hormone and effector hormone have unraveled an independent role of pituitary hormone in skeletal remodeling beyond the role of regulating target endocrine glands. The cytokine-mediated skeletal actions and the evidence of local production of certain pituitary hormones by bone marrow-derived cells displays a unique endocrine-immune-skeletal connection. Here, we discuss recently elucidated mechanisms controlling the remodeling of bone, communication of bone cells with cells of other lineages, crosstalk between bone and vital organs, as well as opportunities for treating diseases of the skeleton