582 research outputs found
Optical absorption of non-interacting tight-binding electrons in a Peierls-distorted chain at half band-filling
In this first of three articles on the optical absorption of electrons in
half-filled Peierls-distorted chains we present analytical results for
non-interacting tight-binding electrons. We carefully derive explicit
expressions for the current operator, the dipole transition matrix elements,
and the optical absorption for electrons with a cosine dispersion relation of
band width and dimerization parameter . New correction
(``''-)terms to the current operator are identified. A broad band-to-band
transition is found in the frequency range whose shape
is determined by the joint density of states for the upper and lower Peierls
subbands and the strong momentum dependence of the transition matrix elements.Comment: 17 pages REVTEX 3.0, 2 postscript figures; hardcopy versions before
May 96 are obsolete; accepted for publication in The Philosophical Magazine
Perturbation theory for optical excitations in the one-dimensional extended Peierls--Hubbard model
For the one-dimensional, extended Peierls--Hubbard model we calculate
analytically the ground-state energy and the single-particle gap to second
order in the Coulomb interaction for a given lattice dimerization. The
comparison with numerically exact data from the Density-Matrix Renormalization
Group shows that the ground-state energy is quantitatively reliable for Coulomb
parameters as large as the band width. The single-particle gap can almost
triple from its bare Peierls value before substantial deviations appear. For
the calculation of the dominant optical excitations, we follow two approaches.
In Wannier theory, we perturb the Wannier exciton states to second order. In
two-step perturbation theory, similar in spirit to the GW-BSE approach, we form
excitons from dressed electron-hole excitations. We find the Wannier approach
to be superior to the two-step perturbation theory. For singlet excitons,
Wannier theory is applicable up to Coulomb parameters as large as half band
width. For triplet excitons, second-order perturbation theory quickly fails
completely.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures, submtted to JSTA
Evaluation in vivo de la chimiosensibilité de Plasmodium falciparum à la chloroquine dans la région de Yaoundé : 1. Ecole de Pouma
Transarterial chemoembolisation: effect of selectivity on tolerance, tumour response and survival
Aims To compare selective and non-selective TACE techniques in the treatment of HCC with a special emphasis on clinical and liver tolerance, tumour response and survival. Methods 184 patients with advanced HCC were retrospectively included. Three different TACE techniques were compared: non selective lipiodol-chemotherapy + non selective embolisation (TACE-technique group 1), non selective lipiodol-chemotherapy + selective embolisation (group 2), and selective lipiodol-chemotherapy + selective embolisation (group 3). Results In multivariate analysis TACE-technique group is an independently significant prognostic factor for poor clinical tolerance, poor liver tolerance and tumour response. The rate of patients with poor clinical tolerance was lower in group 3 (27.0%) than in groups 1 (64.1%, p < 10â3) or 2 (66.7%, p < 10â3). The rate of patients with poor liver tolerance was higher in group 2 (34.0%) than in groups 1 (17.6%, p = 0.050) or 3 (6.9%, p = 0.011). The rate of patients with tumour response was higher when embolisation was selective versus non-selective, i.e., group 2 + 3 (78.7%) versus group 1 (62.5%, p = 0.054). Overall survival was not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.383). Conclusion Both selective techniques resulted in better tumour response. As for improving tolerance, our study suggests that the main technical factor is the use of selective lipiodol-chemotherapy injection
Exact results for the optical absorption of strongly correlated electrons in a half-filled Peierls-distorted chain
In this second of three articles on the optical absorption of electrons in a
half-filled Peierls-distorted chain we present exact results for strongly
correlated tight-binding electrons. In the limit of a strong on-site
interaction we map the Hubbard model onto the Harris-Lange model which can
be solved exactly in one dimension in terms of spinless fermions for the charge
excitations. The exact solution allows for an interpretation of the charge
dynamics in terms of parallel Hubbard bands with a free-electron dispersion of
band-width , separated by the Hubbard interaction . The spin degrees of
freedom enter the expressions for the optical absorption only via a momentum
dependent but static ground state expectation value. The remaining spin problem
can be traced out exactly since the eigenstates of the Harris-Lange model are
spin-degenerate. This corresponds to the Hubbard model at temperatures large
compared to the spin exchange energy. Explicit results are given for the
optical absorption in the presence of a lattice distortion and a
nearest-neighbor interaction . We find that the optical absorption for
is dominated by a peak at and broad but weak absorption bands for . For an appreciable nearest-neighbor interaction, ,
almost all spectral weight is transferred to Simpson's exciton band which is
eventually Peierls-split.Comment: 50 pages REVTEX 3.0, 6 postscript figures; hardcopy versions before
May 96 are obsolete; accepted for publication in The Philosophical Magazine
Molecular dynamics simulations of lead clusters
Molecular dynamics simulations of nanometer-sized lead clusters have been
performed using the Lim, Ong and Ercolessi glue potential (Surf. Sci. {\bf
269/270}, 1109 (1992)). The binding energies of clusters forming crystalline
(fcc), decahedron and icosahedron structures are compared, showing that fcc
cuboctahedra are the most energetically favoured of these polyhedral model
structures. However, simulations of the freezing of liquid droplets produced a
characteristic form of ``shaved'' icosahedron, in which atoms are absent at the
edges and apexes of the polyhedron. This arrangement is energetically favoured
for 600-4000 atom clusters. Larger clusters favour crystalline structures.
Indeed, simulated freezing of a 6525-atom liquid droplet produced an imperfect
fcc Wulff particle, containing a number of parallel stacking faults. The
effects of temperature on the preferred structure of crystalline clusters below
the melting point have been considered. The implications of these results for
the interpretation of experimental data is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 18 figues, new section added and one figure added, other
minor changes for publicatio
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Biogenic UO_2 _ Characterization and Surface Reactivity
Nano-scale biogenic UO{sub 2} is easier to oxidize and more reactive to aqueous metal ions than bulk UO{sub 2}. In an attempt to understand these differences in properties, we have used a suite of bulk and surface characterization techniques to examine differences in the reactivity of biogenic UO{sub 2} versus bulk UO{sub 2} with respect to aqueous Zn(II). Precipitation of biogenic UO{sub 2} was mediated by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and the precipitates were washed using two protocols: (1) 5% NaOH, followed by 4 mM KHCO{sub 3}/KCl (NA-wash; ''NAUO2'', to remove surface organic matter), and (2) 4 mM KHCO{sub 3}-KCl (BI-wash; ''BIUO2'', to remove soluble uranyl species). BET surface areas of biogenic-UO{sub 2} prepared using the two protocols are 128.63 m{sup 2}g{sup -1} and 92.56 m{sup 2}g{sup -1}, respectively; particle sizes range from 2-10 nm as determined by FEG-SEM. Surface composition was probed using XPS, which showed a strong carbon 1s signal for the BI-washed samples; surface uranium is > 90% U(IV) for both washing protocols. U L{sub III}-edge XANES spectra also indicate that U(IV) is the dominant oxidation state in the biogenic UO{sub 2} samples. Fits of the EXAFS spectra of these samples yielded half the number of uranium second-shell neighbors relative to bulk UO{sub 2}, and no detectable oxygen neighbors beyond the first shell. At pH 7, the sorption of Zn(II) onto both biogenic and bulk UO{sub 2} is independent of electrolyte concentration, suggesting that Zn(II) sorption complexes are dominantly inner-sphere. Fits of Zn K-edge EXAFS spectra for biogenic UO{sub 2} indicate that Zn(II) sorption is dependent on the washing protocol. Zn-U pair correlations are observed for the NA-washed samples, but not for the BI-washed ones, suggesting that Zn(II) sorbs directly to the UO{sub 2} surface in the first case, and possibly to organic matter in the latter. Further work is required to elucidate the binding mechanism of Zn(II) to bulk UO{sub 2}
A standardized procedure to obtain mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from minimally manipulated dental pulp and Whartonâs jelly samples
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has emerged as an effective method to treat diseased or damaged organs and tissues, and hundreds of clinical trials using MSCs are currently under way to demonstrate the validity of such a therapeutic approach. However, most MSCs used for clinical trials are prepared in research laboratories with insufficient manufacturing quality control.In particular, laboratories lack standardized procedures for in vitro isolation of MSCs from tissue samples, resulting in heterogeneous populations of cells and variable experimental and clinical results. MSCs are now referred to as Human Cellular Tissue-based Products or Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, and guidelines from the American Code of Federal Regulation of the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR Part 1271) and from the European Medicines Agency (European Directive 1394/2007) define requirements for appropriate production of these cells. These guidelines, commonly called âGood Manufacturing Practicesâ (GMP), include recommendations about laboratory cell culture procedures to ensure optimal reproducibility, efficacy and safety of the final medicinal product. In particular, the Food and Drug Administration divides ex vivo cultured cells into âminimallyâ and âmore than minimallyâ manipulated samples, in function of the use or not of procedures âthat might alter the biological features of the cellsâ. Today, minimal manipulation conditions have not been defined for the collection and isolation of MSCs (Torre et al. 2015)(Ducret et al. 2015).Most if not all culture protocols that have been reported so far are unsatisfactory, because of the use of xeno- or allogeneic cell culture media, enzymatic treatment and long-term cell amplification that are known to alter the quality of MSCs. The aim of this study was to describe a standardized procedure for recovering MSCs with minimal handling from two promising sources, the dental pulp (DP) and the Whartonâs jelly (WJ) of the umbilical cord. The quality and homogeneity of the expanded cell populations were assessed by using flow cytometry with criteria that go beyond the International Society of Cellular Therapy (ISCT) guidelines for MSC characterization
Localization Properties of the Periodic Random Anderson Model
We consider diagonal disordered one-dimensional Anderson models with an
underlying periodicity. We assume the simplest periodicity, i.e., we have
essentially two lattices, one that is composed of the random potentials and the
other of non-random potentials. Due to the periodicity special resonance
energies appear, which are related to the lattice constant of the non-random
lattice. Further on two different types of behaviors are observed at the
resonance energies. When a random site is surrounded by non-random sites, this
model exhibits extended states at the resonance energies, whereas otherwise all
states are localized with, however, an increase of the localization length at
these resonance energies. We study these resonance energies and evaluate the
localization length and the density of states around these energies.Comment: 4 page
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