13,904 research outputs found
Electron interferometry with nano-gratings
We present an electron interferometer based on near-field diffraction from
two nanostructure gratings. Lau fringes are observed with an imaging detector,
and revivals in the fringe visibility occur as the separation between gratings
is increased from 0 to 3 mm. This verifies that electron beams diffracted by
nanostructures remain coherent after propagating farther than the Talbot length
= 1.2 mm, and hence is a proof of principle for the
function of a Talbot-Lau interferometer for electrons. Distorted fringes due to
a phase object demonstrates an application for this new type of electron
interferometer.Comment: 4 pgs, 6 figure
PecuĂĄria familiar na AmazĂŽnia: uma abordagem dessa realidade esquecida.
bitstream/item/100281/1/1428.pd
Non-Restarting CUSUM charts and Control of the False Discovery Rate
Cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts are typically used to detect changes in a
stream of observations e.g. shifts in the mean. Usually, after signalling, the
chart is restarted by setting it to some value below the signalling threshold.
We propose a non-restarting CUSUM chart which is able to detect periods during
which the stream is out of control. Further, we advocate an upper boundary to
prevent the CUSUM chart rising too high, which helps detecting a change back
into control. We present a novel algorithm to control the false discovery rate
(FDR) pointwise in time when considering CUSUM charts based on multiple streams
of data. We prove that the FDR is controlled under two definitions of a false
discovery simultaneously. Simulations reveal the difference in FDR control when
using these two definitions and other desirable definitions of a false
discovery.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Helical Tubes in Crowded Environments
When placed in a crowded environment, a semi-flexible tube is forced to fold
so as to make a more compact shape. One compact shape that often arises in
nature is the tight helix, especially when the tube thickness is of comparable
size to the tube length. In this paper we use an excluded volume effect to
model the effects of crowding. This gives us a measure of compactness for
configurations of the tube, which we use to look at structures of the
semi-flexible tube that minimize the excluded volume. We focus most of our
attention on the helix and which helical geometries are most compact. We found
that helices of specific pitch to radius ratio 2.512 to be optimally compact.
This is the same geometry that minimizes the global curvature of the curve
defining the tube. We further investigate the effects of adding a bending
energy or multiple tubes to begin to explore the more complete space of
possible geometries a tube could form.Comment: 10 page
Rapid and sound assessment of well-being within a multi-dimensional approach: The Well-being Numerical Rating Scales (WB-NRSs)
The assessment of well-being remains an important topic for many disciplines including medical, psychological, social, educational, and economic fields. The present study assesses the reliability and validity of a five-item instrument for evaluating physical, psychological, spiritual, relational, and general well-being. This measure uniquely utilizes a segmented numeric version of the visual analog scale in which a respondent selects a whole number that best reflects the intensity of the investigated characteristic. In study one, 939 clinical (i.e., diagnosed with cancer and liver disease with cirrhosis) and non-clinical (i.e., undergraduate students and their family and acquaintances) participants between the ages of 18 to 87 years (M = 47.20 years, SD = 19.62, 54% males) were recruited. Results showed items have strong discriminant ability and the spread of threshold parameters attests to the appropriateness of the response categories. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were found with other self-report measures (e.g., depression, anxiety, optimism, well-being) and the measure showed responsiveness to two separate interventions for clinical populations. In study two, 287 Canadian (ages ranged from 18 to 30 years; M = 20.78, SD = 3.32; 23% males) and 342 Italian undergraduate psychology students (age ranged from 18 to 29 years, M = 21.21 years, SD = 1.73, 38% males) were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. IRT-based differential item functioning analyses provided evidence that the item properties were similar for the Italian and English versions of the scale. Additionally, the validity results obtained in study one were replicated and similar relationships between criterion variables were found when comparing the Italian- and the English-speaking samples. Overall, the current study provides evidence that the Italian and English versions of the WB-NRSs offer added value in research focused on well-being and in assessing well-being changes prompted by intervention programs
Decoherence and dephasing errors caused by D.C. Stark effect in rapid ion transport
We investigate the error due to D.C. Stark effect for quantum information
processing for trapped ion quantum computers using the scalable architecture
proposed in J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stan. 103, 259 (1998) and Nature 417, 709
(2002). As the operation speed increases, dephasing and decoherence due to the
D.C. Stark effect becomes prominent as a large electric field is applied for
transporting ions rapidly. We estimate the relative significance of the
decoherence and dephasing effects and find that the latter is dominant. We find
that the minimum possible of dephasing is quadratic in the time of flight, and
an inverse cubic in the operational time scale. From these relations, we obtain
the operational speed-range at which the shifts caused by D.C. Stark effect, no
matter follow which trajectory the ion is transported, are no longer
negligible. Without phase correction, the maximum speed a qubit can be
transferred across a 100 micron-long trap, without excessive error, in about 10
ns for Calcium ion and 50 ps for Beryllium ion. In practice, the accumulated
error is difficult to be tracked and calculated, our work gives an estimation
to the range of speed limit imposed by D.C. Stark effect.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. v2: Title is changed in this version to make our
argument more focused. Introduction is rewritten. A new section IV is added
to make our point more prominent. v3: Title is changed to make our argument
more specific. Abstract, introduction, and summary are revise
Statistical Properties of Contact Maps
A contact map is a simple representation of the structure of proteins and
other chain-like macromolecules. This representation is quite amenable to
numerical studies of folding. We show that the number of contact maps
corresponding to the possible configurations of a polypeptide chain of N amino
acids, represented by (N-1)-step self avoiding walks on a lattice, grows
exponentially with N for all dimensions D>1. We carry out exact enumerations in
D=2 on the square and triangular lattices for walks of up to 20 steps and
investigate various statistical properties of contact maps corresponding to
such walks. We also study the exact statistics of contact maps generated by
walks on a ladder.Comment: Latex file, 15 pages, 12 eps figures. To appear on Phys. Rev.
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