Performance Constraints for Onchip Optical Interconnects

Abstract-This work aims at defining the marks that optoelectronic solutions will have to beat for replacing electric interconnects at chip level. We first simulate the electric response of future electrical interconnects considering the reduction of the CMOS feature size λ λ λ λ from 0.7 to 0.05 µ µ µ µm. We also consider the architectural evolution of chips to analyze the latency issues. We conclude that: 1) It does not seem necessary in the future chips to consider the integration of optical interconnects (OI) over distances shorter than 1000-2000 λ, λ, λ, λ, because the performance of electric intercomnects is sufficient. 2) The penetration of OIs over distances longer than 10 4 λ λ λ λ could be envisaged (on the sole basis of the performance limitation) provided that it will be possible to demonstrate new generations of (cheap and CMOS-compatible) low-threshold high-efficiency VCSELs and ultra-fast high-efficiency photodiodes. 3) The first possible application of onchip OIs is likely not for inter-block communication but for clock distribution as the energy constraints (imposed by the evolution of CMOS technology) are weaker and because the clock tree is an extremely long interconnect

Prediction of LIN communication robustness against EFT events using dedicated failure models

International audienceDuring its life, an automotive application can encounter several perturbations such as fast transient of ESD discharges. In this paper, we propose a LIN transceiver behavior model to predict both hard and soft failures within a communication link. The proposed model, extracted from measurements, is implemented into simulation as a failure block. We will show that depending on the output state of the LIN, the data reading behavior could be different. Using such model, corrections at system level can be implemented to avoid failures

2'-deoxy-2'-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and choline spectroscopy to predict the activity of cetuximab in tumor xenografts derived from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

We investigated changes on 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET), diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), and choline spectroscopy as early markers of cetuximab activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). SCCHN patient-derived tumor xenografts models were selected based on their cetuximab sensitivity. Three models were resistant to cetuximab and two were sensitive (one was highly sensitive and the other one was moderately sensitive). Cetuximab was infused on day 0 and 7. Maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and total choline pool were measured at baseline and at day 8. To investigate the possible clinical relevance of our pre-clinical findings, we also studied the SUVmax and ADC modifications induced by cetuximab in five patients. Cetuximab induced a significant decrease in SUVmax and an increase in ADC at day 8 compared to baseline in the most cetuximab-sensitive model but not in the other models. At day 8, in one resistant model, SUVmax was decreased compared to baseline and was significantly lower than the controls. Choline spectroscopy was not able to predict cetuximab activity. The five patients treated with cetuximab had a 18FDG-PET partial response. One patient had a partial response according to RECISTv1.1. Interestingly, this last had also an increase in ADC value above 25%. Our preclinical data support the use of PDTX to investigate imaging techniques to detect early treatment response. Our pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that DW-MRI and 18FDG-PET should be further investigated to predict cetuximab activity.status: Published onlin