Antidiabetic treatment, obesity, and cancer risk in Algerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown that antidiabetic drugs and obesity can modulate the risk of developing cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the use of antidiabetic drugs and obesity on the risk of developing cancers in type 2 diabetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for 1220 patients were collected from the processing of files and a pre-established questionnaire. The anthropobiological parameters and the associated treatment type have been unspecified. RESULTS: Women (OR=17.26; 95% CI=2.88-103.45, p<0.01), overweight individuals (OR=4.81; 95% CI=1.63-14.14, p<0.01) and hypertensive diabetic subjects (OR=3.82; 95% CI=1.39-10.49, p< 0.01) are more exposed to cancers. It is interesting to note that diabetic subjects treated with insulin have a reduced risk of developing cancer (OR=0.22; 95% CI=0.07-0.67, p<0.01). Diabetic subjects treated with metformin have a four and a half times higher risk of developing cancer (OR=4.61; 95% CI=1.48-14.37, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetic subjects, cancer is significantly linked to overweight, to the presence of essential hypertension in individuals under hypotensive as well as in patients treated with metformin

Ontogenic changes in hematopoietic hierarchy determine pediatric specificity and disease phenotype in fusion oncogene-driven myeloid leukemia

Fusion oncogenes are prevalent in several pediatric cancers, yet little is known about the specific associations between age and phenotype. We observed that fusion oncogenes, such as ETO2–GLIS2, are associated with acute megakaryoblastic or other myeloid leukemia subtypes in an age-dependent manner. Analysis of a novel inducible transgenic mouse model showed that ETO2–GLIS2 expression in fetal hematopoietic stem cells induced rapid megakaryoblastic leukemia whereas expression in adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells resulted in a shift toward myeloid transformation with a strikingly delayed in vivo leukemogenic potential. Chromatin accessibility and single-cell transcriptome analyses indicate ontogeny-dependent intrinsic and ETO2–GLIS2-induced differences in the activities of key transcription factors, including ERG, SPI1, GATA1, and CEBPA. Importantly, switching off the fusion oncogene restored terminal differentiation of the leukemic blasts. Together, these data show that aggressiveness and phenotypes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia result from an ontogeny-related differential susceptibility to transformation by fusion oncogenes. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates that the clinical phenotype of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is determined by ontogeny-dependent susceptibility for transformation by oncogenic fusion genes. The phenotype is maintained by potentially reversible alteration of key transcription factors, indicating that targeting of the fusions may overcome the differentiation blockage and revert the leukemic state

Interactions between calcium phosphate and heavy metal ions in aqueous solution

Synthetic and natural calcium phosphates were tested for removal metallic pollution in aqueous solution. Calcium phosphates with Ca/P ratio between 1,33 and 1,67 are fluently called apatite. They have a strong capacity to immobilize metallic ions when they are brought into contact with aqueous solutions. Ca2+ ions can substituted completely or partly by cations such as metallic ions (Ni2+; Cu2+; Co2+ and Cd2+). PO43− ions can be replaced by anions such as AsO43−, CO32−, … etc. Sorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions on natural (NA) and synthetic (SA) apatite was investigated in batch mode at 25 ∘C and 40 ∘C and over metal concentration range of 20–800 mg/L. Other experiments of co-precipitation metal-apatite (metal-TCP) were investigated in static mode at 25 ∘C. The results characterization of NA and SA apatite by FTIR, SEM, and ICP confirm their composition and apatitic structure. The results confirm efficiency of these calcium phosphates to decontaminate, by adsorption or co-precipitation, metallic ions such as Ni2+ or Cu2+ present in aqueous solution at concentrations between 20–800 mg/L

Interactions between calcium phosphate and heavy metal ions in aqueous solution

Synthetic and natural calcium phosphates were tested for removal metallic pollution in aqueous solution. Calcium phosphates with Ca/P ratio between 1,33 and 1,67 are fluently called apatite. They have a strong capacity to immobilize metallic ions when they are brought into contact with aqueous solutions. Ca2+ ions can substituted completely or partly by cations such as metallic ions (Ni2+; Cu2+; Co2+ and Cd2+). PO43− ions can be replaced by anions such as AsO43−, CO32−, … etc. Sorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solutions on natural (NA) and synthetic (SA) apatite was investigated in batch mode at 25 ∘C and 40 ∘C and over metal concentration range of 20–800 mg/L. Other experiments of co-precipitation metal-apatite (metal-TCP) were investigated in static mode at 25 ∘C. The results characterization of NA and SA apatite by FTIR, SEM, and ICP confirm their composition and apatitic structure. The results confirm efficiency of these calcium phosphates to decontaminate, by adsorption or co-precipitation, metallic ions such as Ni2+ or Cu2+ present in aqueous solution at concentrations between 20–800 mg/L

A 7-year longitudinal follow-up of intellectual development in children with congenital hemiplegia

AimsOur aim was to examine intellectual development in children with congenital hemiplegia from early childhood to adolescence.MethodFull-scale IQ (FIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Performance IQ (PIQ) scores were measured in 32 participants (19 males, 13 females) with congenital hemiplegia at mean ages of 4 years 6 months (SD 7mo; 31 participants), 7 years (SD 6mo; 23 participants), and 14 years (SD 1y 5mo; 26 participants).ResultsThe FIQ and VIQ scores did not change with age, but the PIQ declined significantly (0.7 points per year; p=0.004). The estimated mean (95% confidence intervals) scores in males born at term with right-sided lesions without epilepsy were FIQ 106.5 (95.29-117.74), VIQ 105.9 (95.57-116.24), and PIQ 103.7 (93.19-114.31). Those means were negatively associated with preterm birth. PIQ was negatively associated with epilepsy. VIQ increased more quickly in males and in children with right-sided lesions.InterpretationThe results confirm previous findings of FIQ stability, PIQ decline, the impact of epilepsy, and the status of females with left-sided lesions, and also reveal the effect of gestational age at birth. They underline the importance of management focused on nonverbal functions and further the debate about the early lateralization of language, the 'crowding effect', and the difference in brain plasticity between males and females