UV-induced inactivation and mutation-induction in a new two-component heterokaryon (59) homozygous for the excision-repair deficient mutant uvs-2

UV-induced inactivation and mutation-induction in a new two-component heterokaryon (59) homozygous for the excision-repair deficient mutant uvs-2

OPRM1 rs1799971 Genotype Predicts Drinking Behavior in Males, but Not Females

• The prevalence of alcohol disorders costs Americans $223.5 billion yearly due mostly from losses in workplace productivity, as well as health care and criminal justice expenses (CDC, 2016). • Maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24 hour period is a valid indicator of dangerous drinking behavior and may reflect an increased tolerance for high levels of alcohol (Edenberg, 2016). • Awareness of factors related to such heavy drinking is important for targeting interventions for dangerous alcohol use. • Men drink significantly more than women, with about 4.5% of men and 2.5% of women meeting the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in 2013 (Wilsnack, et al., 2000), (Esser et al., 2014). • Alcoholism is highly heritable and the endogenous opioid system has been shown to play a vital role in alcohol and other drug dependencies (Miranda et al., 2010). • The mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD). The polymorphism has been shown to modulate sensitivity to alcohol (Bart, et al., 2005), (Sauriyal et al., 2011), (Mauge and Blendy, 2010). • Carriers of the G allele for rs1799971, a polymorphism of OPRM1, result in an amino acid change at position 40 of the mu opioid receptor, and express receptors with 3 times higher affinity to Β-endorphins, and this has been associated with an increased risk for substance and alcohol dependence (Miranda et al., 2010), (Zhang, et al., 2005). • There is more social pressure on females to abstain from alcohol use, so it is possible that this effect will be weaker for females due to the competing effect of social pressure (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). • We hypothesize that individuals with at least one G allele will have a higher number of maximum drinks consumed within 24 hours than A homozygotes. • We expect this effect to be stronger in males than in females. • We also expect that males will drink more than females

OPRM1 rs1799971 Genotype Predicts Drinking Behavior in Males, but Not Females

• The prevalence of alcohol disorders costs Americans $223.5 billion yearly due mostly from losses in workplace productivity, as well as health care and criminal justice expenses (CDC, 2016). • Maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24 hour period is a valid indicator of dangerous drinking behavior and may reflect an increased tolerance for high levels of alcohol (Edenberg, 2016). • Awareness of factors related to such heavy drinking is important for targeting interventions for dangerous alcohol use. • Men drink significantly more than women, with about 4.5% of men and 2.5% of women meeting the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in 2013 (Wilsnack, et al., 2000), (Esser et al., 2014). • Alcoholism is highly heritable and the endogenous opioid system has been shown to play a vital role in alcohol and other drug dependencies (Miranda et al., 2010). • The mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD). The polymorphism has been shown to modulate sensitivity to alcohol (Bart, et al., 2005), (Sauriyal et al., 2011), (Mauge and Blendy, 2010). • Carriers of the G allele for rs1799971, a polymorphism of OPRM1, result in an amino acid change at position 40 of the mu opioid receptor, and express receptors with 3 times higher affinity to Β-endorphins, and this has been associated with an increased risk for substance and alcohol dependence (Miranda et al., 2010), (Zhang, et al., 2005). • There is more social pressure on females to abstain from alcohol use, so it is possible that this effect will be weaker for females due to the competing effect of social pressure (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2004). • We hypothesize that individuals with at least one G allele will have a higher number of maximum drinks consumed within 24 hours than A homozygotes. • We expect this effect to be stronger in males than in females. • We also expect that males will drink more than females

Thermodynamics and structure of self-assembled networks

We study a generic model of self-assembling chains which can branch and form networks with branching points (junctions) of arbitrary functionality. The physical realizations include physical gels, wormlike micells, dipolar fluids and microemulsions. The model maps the partition function of a solution of branched, self-assembling, mutually avoiding clusters onto that of a Heisenberg magnet in the mathematical limit of zero spin components. The model is solved in the mean field approximation. It is found that despite the absence of any specific interaction between the chains, the entropy of the junctions induces an effective attraction between the monomers, which in the case of three-fold junctions leads to a first order reentrant phase separation between a dilute phase consisting mainly of single chains, and a dense network, or two network phases. Independent of the phase separation, we predict the percolation (connectivity) transition at which an infinite network is formed that partially overlaps with the first-order transition. The percolation transition is a continuous, non thermodynamic transition that describes a change in the topology of the system. Our treatment which predicts both the thermodynamic phase equilibria as well as the spatial correlations in the system allows us to treat both the phase separation and the percolation threshold within the same framework. The density-density correlation correlation has a usual Ornstein-Zernicke form at low monomer densities. At higher densities, a peak emerges in the structure factor, signifying an onset of medium-range order in the system. Implications of the results for different physical systems are discussed.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Realistic Model of the Nucleon Spectral Function in Few- and Many- Nucleon Systems

By analysing the high momentum features of the nucleon momentum distribution in light and complex nuclei, it is argued that the basic two-nucleon configurations generating the structure of the nucleon Spectral Function at high values of the nucleon momentum and removal energy, can be properly described by a factorised ansatz for the nuclear wave function, which leads to a nucleon Spectral Function in the form of a convolution integral involving the momentum distributions describing the relative and center-of-mass motion of a correlated nucleon-nucleon pair embedded in the medium. The Spectral Functions of $^3He$ and infinite nuclear matter resulting from the convolution formula and from many-body calculations are compared, and a very good agreement in a wide range of values of nucleon momentum and removal energy is found. Applications of the model to the analysis of inclusive and exclusive processes are presented, illustrating those features of the cross section which are sensitive to that part of the Spectral Function which is governed by short-range and tensor nucleon-nucleon correlations.Comment: 40 pages Latex , 16 ps figures available from the above e-mail address or from [email protected]

Effects of morphine, nalorphine and naloxone on neocortical release of acetylcholine in the rat

The effects of morphine (10 mg/kg), nalorphine (1 and 10 mg/kg), and naloxone (1 mg/kg) were studied on the neocortical release of acetylcholine (ACh) in midpontine pretrigeminal transected rats. Morphine and, to a lesser extent, nalorphine decreased ACh release. Naloxone was ineffective alone but antagonized the action of morphine.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46384/1/213_2004_Article_BF00422643.pd