Empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: an expert resolution on the discussion of the EMPULSE trial

An online expert meeting held on November 17, 2021 reviewed the results of the randomized, double-blind, multinational, parallel-group EMPULSE trial, evaluating the clinical benefit and safety of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin compared with placebo in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Patients were included in the study regardless of ejection fraction (EF) and the presence of diabetes and randomized during hospitalization after stabilization. In addition, the EMPULSE trial used a composite result analyzed using a stratified benefit ratio — Win Ratio analysis. There is evidence of clinical benefit of empagliflozin in hospitalized patients with preserved and reduced LVEF, as well as in patients with newly diagnosed ADHF or with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF) compared with placebo, regardless of type 2 diabetes presence. The importance of the favorable results of the EMPULSE trial and its significance for clinical practice, which implies the early administration of empagliflozin for inpatients, is noted. A number of proposals have been adopted to accelerate the introduction of empagliflozin into clinical practice for patients with ADHF

Cross-Diffusion in a Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Loaded with Malonic Acid or Ferroin. Taylor Dispersion Method for Four-Component Systems

Abstract: We describe an improved Taylor dispersion method for four-component systems, which we apply to measure the main- and cross-diffusion coefficients in an Aerosol {OT} water-in-oil microemulsion loaded with one of the reactants of the {BelousovZhabotinsky} {(BZ)} reaction, {water(1)/AOT(2)/R(3)/octane(4)} system, where R is malonic acid or ferroin. With {[H2O]/[AOT]} = 11.8 and volume droplet fraction �d = 0.18, when the microemulsion is below the percolation transition, the cross-diffusion coefficients D13 and D23 are large and positive {(D13/D33} @ 14, {D23/D33} @ 3) for malonic acid and large and negative for ferroin {(D13/D33} @ 112, {D23/D33} @ 30) while coefficients D31 and D32 are small and negative for malonic acid {(D31/D33} @ 0.01, {D32/D33} @ 0.14) and small and positive for ferroin {(D31/D33} @ 5 � 104, {D32/D33} @ 8 � 103). These data represent the first direct determination of cross-diffusion effects in a pattern-forming system and of the full matrix of diffusion coefficients for a four-component system. The results should provide a basis for modeling pattern formation in the {BZAOT} system

Controlled drive-in and precipitation of hydrogen during plasma hydrogenation of silicon using a thin compressively strained SiGe layer

International audienceWe have quantitatively studied by transmission electron microscopy the growth kinetics of platelets formed during the continuous hydrogenation of a Si substrate/SiGe/Si heterostructure. We have evidenced and explained the massive transfer of hydrogen from a population of platelets initially generated in the upper Si layer by plasma hydrogenation towards a population of larger platelets located in the SiGe layer. We demonstrate that this type of process can be used not only to precisely localize the micro-cracks, then the fracture line at a given depth but also to “clean” the top layer from pre-existing defects

Controlled Drive-In and Precipitation of Hydrogen During Plasma Hydrogenation of Silicon Using a Thin Compressively Strained SiGe Layer

In this paper, we explore the possibility to combine plasma hydrogenation and stress engineering to replace the traditional hydrogen ion implantation and annealing process used to exfoliate silicon thin films. For this, we have quantitatively studied by TEM the growth kinetics of platelets formed during the continuous hydrogenation of a Si substrate/SiGe/Si heterostructure. We have evidenced the massive transfer of hydrogen from a population of platelets initially generated in the upper Si layer by plasma hydrogenation towards a population of larger platelets located in the SiGe layer. A detailed scenario is proposed to explain the results, which considers the Ostwald ripening of a population of precipitates in presence of a constant source and of a sink of increasing efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate that this type of process can be used not only to precisely localize the microcracks, then the fracture line at a given depth, but also to « clean » the top layer from pre-existing defects.JRC.I.4-Nanobioscience

MOCVD Grown InGaN/GaN Three-Dimensional Islands: Growth Approaches, Strain-Composition Characterization, Exploitation for LEDs

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