Polarized Curvature Radiation in Pulsar Magnetosphere

The propagation of polarized emission in pulsar magnetosphere is investigated in this paper. The polarized waves are generated through curvature radiation from the relativistic particles streaming along curved magnetic field lines and co-rotating with the pulsar magnetosphere. Within the 1/{\deg} emission cone, the waves can be divided into two natural wave mode components, the ordinary (O) mode and the extraord nary (X) mode, with comparable intensities. Both components propagate separately in magnetosphere, and are aligned within the cone by adiabatic walking. The refraction of O-mode makes the two components separated and incoherent. The detectable emission at a given height and a given rotation phase consists of incoherent X-mode and O-mode components coming from discrete emission regions. For four particle-density models in the form of uniformity, cone, core and patches, we calculate the intensities for each mode numerically within the entire pulsar beam. If the co-rotation of relativistic particles with magnetosphere is not considered, the intensity distributions for the X-mode and O-mode components are quite similar within the pulsar beam, which causes serious depolarization. However, if the co-rotation of relativistic particles is considered, the intensity distributions of the two modes are very different, and the net polarization of out-coming emission should be significant. Our numerical results are compared with observations, and can naturally explain the orthogonal polarization modes of some pulsars. Strong linear polarizations of some parts of pulsar profile can be reproduced by curvature radiation and subsequent propagation effect.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA

The velocities of intranetwork and network magnetic fields

We analyzed two sequences of quiet-Sun magnetograms obtained on June 4, 1992 and July 28, 1994. Both were observed during excellent seeing conditions such that the weak intranetwork (IN) fields are observed clearly during the entire periods. Using the local correlation tracking technique, we derived the horizontal velocity fields of IN and network magnetic fields. They consist of two components: (1) radial divergence flows which move IN fields from the network interior to the boundaries, and (2) lateral flows which move along the network boundaries and converge toward stronger magnetic elements. Furthermore, we constructed divergence maps based on horizonal velocities, which are a good representation of the vertical velocities of supergranules. For the June 4, 1992 data, the enhanced network area in the field of view has twice the flux density, 10% higher supergranular velocity and 20% larger cell sizes than the quiet, unenhanced network area. Based on the number densities and flow velocities of IN fields derived in this paper and a previous paper (Wang et al., 1995), we estimate that the lower limit of total energy released from the recycling of IN fields is 1.2 × 10²⁸ erg s⁻¹, which is comparable to the energy required for coronal heating

Investigation of the utilisation of social networks in e-learning at universities

Over the years universities have considered to use social networks for learning purposes as most of their students now engage on them. However, questions on the impact social networks would have on learning and how they can be utilised further for more effective teaching and learning are still unclear. To solve these questions, an in-depth investigation has been conducted to understand the benefits and drawback of social network features available for students. The investigation results show that students strongly believe that social network features will help enhance learning and the key ways of utilising such features have been suggested

Automatic parsing of sports videos with grammars

Motivated by the analogies between languages and sports videos, we introduce a novel approach for video parsing with grammars. It utilizes compiler techniques for integrating both semantic annotation and syntactic analysis to generate a semantic index of events and a table of content for a given sports video. The video sequence is first segmented and annotated by event detection with domain knowledge. A grammar-based parser is then used to identify the structure of the video content. Meanwhile, facilities for error handling are introduced which are particularly useful when the results of automatic parsing need to be adjusted. As a case study, we have developed a system for video parsing in the particular domain of TV diving programs. Experimental results indicate the proposed approach is effectiv

Split Two-Higgs-Doublet Model and Neutrino Condensation

We split the two-Higgs-doublet model by assuming very different vevs for the two doublets: the vev is at weak scale (174 GeV) for the doublet \Phi_1 and at neutrino-mass scale (10^{-2} \sim 10^{-3} eV) for the doublet \Phi_2. \Phi_1 is responsible for giving masses to all fermions except neutrinos; while \Phi_2 is responsible for giving neutrino masses through its tiny vev without introducing see-saw mechanism. Among the predicted five physical scalars H, h, A^0 and H^{\pm}, the CP-even scalar h is as light as 10^{-2} \sim 10^{-3}eV while others are at weak scale. We identify h as the cosmic dark energy field and the other CP-even scalar H as the Standard Model Higgs boson; while the CP-odd A^0 and the charged H^{\pm} are the exotic scalars to be discovered at future colliders. Also we demonstrate a possible dynamical origin for the doublet \Phi_2 from neutrino condensation caused by some unknown dynamics.Comment: version in Europhys. Lett. (discussions added

Fuzzy Chance-constrained Programming Based Security Information Optimization for Low Probability of Identification Enhancement in Radar Network Systems

In this paper, the problem of low probability of identification (LPID) improvement for radar network systems is investigated. Firstly, the security information is derived to evaluate the LPID performance for radar network. Then, without any prior knowledge of hostile intercept receiver, a novel fuzzy chance-constrained programming (FCCP) based security information optimization scheme is presented to achieve enhanced LPID performance in radar network systems, which focuses on minimizing the achievable mutual information (MI) at interceptor, while the attainable MI outage probability at radar network is enforced to be greater than a specified confidence level. Regarding to the complexity and uncertainty of electromagnetic environment in the modern battlefield, the trapezoidal fuzzy number is used to describe the threshold of achievable MI at radar network based on the credibility theory. Finally, the FCCP model is transformed to a crisp equivalent form with the property of trapezoidal fuzzy number. Numerical simulation results demonstrating the performance of the proposed strategy are provided

A NLO analysis on fragility of dihadron tomography in high energy AAAA collisions

The dihadron spectra in high energy $AA$ collisions are studied within the NLO pQCD parton model with jet quenching taken into account. The high $p_T$ dihadron spectra are found to be contributed not only by jet pairs close and tangential to the surface of the dense matter but also by punching-through jets survived at the center while the single hadron high $p_T$ spectra are only dominated by surface emission. Consequently, the suppression factor of such high-$p_T$ hadron pairs is found to be more sensitive to the initial gluon density than the single hadron suppression factor.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, proceedings for the 19th international Conference on ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions (QM2006), Shanghai, China, November 14-20, 200

Surface crack growth in fiber composites

The results of an experimental study of damage extension and failure in glass and graphite/epoxy laminates containing partially through-thickness surface cracks are presented. The laminates studied are divided between those containing four plies, 90/0/0/90, 15/-15/-15/15, and 45/-45/-45/45, and those containing 12-16 plies of the general configurations 0/90, + or - 45, and 0/+ or - 60. Most of the results are for surface cracks of various lengths and several depths. Stable damage extension in laminates containing surface cracks is predominantly delamination between plies, and tends to be much more extensive prior to failure than is the case with through-thickness cracks, resulting in approximately notch-insensitive behavior in most cases. A greater tendency for notch-sensitive behavior is found for 0/90 graphite/epoxy laminates for which stable damage extension is more limited. The rate of damage extension with increasing applied stress depends upon the composite system and ply configuration as well as the crack length and depth. An approximate semiempirical method is presented for estimating the growth rate of large damage-regions