197 research outputs found

    Nouveaux taxa de micro-algues dulçaquicoles pour le Burkina Faso (Afrique de l\'Ouest): I- Chlorophyta

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    L\'Ă©tude taxonimique des micro-algues Ă©chantillonnĂ©es dans le rĂ©servoir de BagrĂ© (Burkina Faso, Afrique de l\'Ouest), a permis d\'inventorier et de dĂ©crire 70 nouveaux taxa (Chlorophyta), qui se rĂ©partissent dans 11 familles, 29 genres. Parmi les familles, les Desmidiaceae sont les plus abondantes avec 44,3% puis viennent les Oocystaceae (15,7 %), les Scenedesmaceae en Ă©galitĂ© avec les Closteriaceae (11,4 %), les Dictyosphaeriaceae (4,3 %), les Chlorococcaceae qui sont en Ă©galitĂ© avec les Radiococcaceae et Volvocaceae (2,9 %) et enfin les Hydrodictyaceae, les Gloeocystaceae et les Phacotaceae avec chacune 1,4 %. Ces nouveaux taxa ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s et dĂ©crits grĂące Ă  un microscope photonique. Avec 70 nouvelles espĂšces inventoriĂ©es pour le Burkina Faso, le rĂ©servoir de BagrĂ© peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme un milieu favorable au dĂ©veloppement de certaines espĂšces de Chlorophyta. Keywords: Micro-algues, Chlorophyta, taxinomie, rĂ©servoir de BagrĂ©, Burkina Faso International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 2 (4) 2008: pp. 508-52

    Étude des genres Actinotaenium (NĂ€g.) Teiling et Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs,/i> (Desmidiaceae/Chlorophyta) dans les mares temporaires des rĂ©gions du Centre, de l’Est et du Nord du Burkina Faso

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    De nombreux travaux de systématique des micro-algues faits auparavant, ont concerné les genres Actinotaenium et Cosmarium dans certaines régions d’Afrique, particulièrement en Afrique centrale et de l’ouest. Au Burkina Faso, les travaux précédents sur la systématique des micro-algues ont généralement concerné l’ensemble des genres de chlorophyta prenant en compte les genres Cosmarium et Actinotaenium. Cependant, il n’y a pas encore eu d’études sur les micro-algues de mares temporaires. Une observation d’échantillons de phytoplancton récoltés dans des mares du centre, de l’est (zone soudanienne) et nord (zone sahélienne) du Burkina Faso en période hivernale de 2007, 2008 et 2009 a permis de rencontrer 39 espèces des genres Actinotaenium et Cosmarium dont 23 nouvelles pour le Burkina Faso. La description des taxons donnée permet de compléter la connaissance de la microflore dulçaquicole de l’Afrique de l’Ouest en général et du Burkina Faso en particulier. Les espèces nouvelles s’ajoutent à environ 67 taxons de Cosmarium et 641 de tous les genres confondus et qui avaient été déjà répertoriés au Burkina Faso avant ce travail. Parmi les espèces, les formes cosmopolites sont dominantes. Elles se rencontrent dans des étangs caractérisés par des eaux acides, alcalines et oligotrophes

    Multiple solutions of the quasirelativistic Choquard equation

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    We prove existence of multiple solutions to the quasirelativistic Choquard equation with a scalar potential

    Circuit et expérience de la gestion pharmaceutique des produits locaux utilisés dans un essai clinique contrÎlé par un placebo

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    La spiruline, une algue douĂ©e de propriĂ©tĂ©s thĂ©rapeutiques et immunostimulantes, est frĂ©quemment utilisĂ©e par les personnes infectĂ©es par le VIH (PvVIH). Un essai clinique contrĂŽlĂ© par un placebo, a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e chez les personnes infectĂ©es par le VIH de type 1 (PvVIH-1) avec la spiruline enrichi en zinc et en sĂ©lĂ©nium, et appelĂ©e «spiruline plus». L’objectif de l’étude Ă©tait de dĂ©finir un circuit d’approvisionnement et de gestion de la « spiruline plus » et du placebo. L’étude qui a eu l’approbation du ComitĂ© d’Ethique National des Sciences et de la SantĂ© a durĂ© 12 mois. Les patients inclus dans l’étude ont Ă©tĂ© randomisĂ©s dans six sĂ©ries. Les quatre-vingt-dix-sept patients de l’étude Ă©taient composĂ©s de 52,6% des sujets sous placebo contre 47,4% sous « la spiruline plus ». Les 63.7% des patients Ă©taient sous traitement antirĂ©troviraux contre 36.3% sans traitement. Neuf cent cinq traitements ont Ă©tĂ© dispensĂ©s aux quatre-cent-quatre-vingt-neuf patients sous placebo et quatre cent seize patients sous « spiruline plus ». Le circuit dĂ©fini a permis la dispensation de la « spiruline plus » et du placebo aux patients de l’étude pendant 12 mois.Mots clĂ©s: Circuit, gestion, «spiruline plus», PvVIH-

    Le kawal, un condiment a base de feuilles fermentees de senna obtusifolia: technologies et valeurs nutritionnelles

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    De nombreux aliments fermentĂ©s Ă  base de lĂ©gumes-feuilles sont consommĂ©s dans le monde, particuliĂšrement en Afrique et en Asie. Ces aliments trĂšs rĂ©pandus, reprĂ©sentent le rĂ©gime de base en plus de leurs matiĂšres premiĂšres disponibles et constituent une part importante dans l’alimentation des populations locales. Le kawal obtenu par fermentation naturelle et alcaline des feuilles de Senna obtusifolia encore appelĂ© Cassia obtusifolia, est un aliment trĂšs apprĂ©ciĂ© et largement consommĂ© par les populations au Tchad et au Soudan. Les feuilles de S. obtusifolia occupent une place importante dans le systĂšme alimentaire de nombreuses communautĂ©s en Afrique. Elles sont riches en acides aminĂ©s essentiels et peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es comme des produits d’intĂ©rĂȘt nutritionnel de par leur valeur protĂ©ique. Le kawal contient des quantitĂ©s apprĂ©ciables de protĂ©ines et est utilisĂ© comme substitut de viande et ou de poisson. Il est Ă©galement riche en hydrates de carbone et en sels minĂ©raux. La technologie de production du kawal reste traditionnelle avec des Ă©quipements rudimentaires et une fermentation incontrĂŽlĂ©e. Cependant, cette technique de fermentation bien que traditionnelle permet l’élimination des facteurs antinutritionnels contenus dans les feuilles. Elle contribue aussi Ă  l’amĂ©lioration de la valeur nutritionnelle et au dĂ©veloppement de composĂ©s aromatiques tout en permettant d’augmenter la biodisponibilitĂ© des minĂ©raux aboutissant ainsi Ă  un produit qui permet de rĂ©duire les problĂšmes de carences en minĂ©raux chez l’Homme. Les bactĂ©ries fermentaires du kawal, principalement celles des genres Bacillus et Lactobacillus du fait de leurs aptitudes probiotiques sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la santĂ© humaine. La transformation de ce produit constitue un enjeu Ă©conomique important en raison des revenus gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s et contribue ainsi Ă  la valorisation des ressources vĂ©gĂ©tales et Ă  la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire des populations. Les technologies de la transformation du kawal n’étant pas bien maitrisĂ©es et variant d’une rĂ©gion Ă  l’autre et ou d’une productrice Ă  une autre il est donc indispensable de faire une synthĂšse sur les technologies de sa transformation et sa valeur nutritionnelle en vue de son amĂ©lioration.Mots clĂ©s: Kawal, feuilles fermentĂ©es, Senna obtusifolia, technologies, valeursnutritionnelle

    Different methodological approaches to the assessment of in vivo efficacy of three artemisinin-based combination antimalarial treatments for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children.

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    BACKGROUND: Use of different methods for assessing the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination antimalarial treatments (ACTs) will result in different estimates being reported, with implications for changes in treatment policy. METHODS: Data from different in vivo studies of ACT treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria were combined in a single database. Efficacy at day 28 corrected by PCR genotyping was estimated using four methods. In the first two methods, failure rates were calculated as proportions with either (1a) reinfections excluded from the analysis (standard WHO per-protocol analysis) or (1b) reinfections considered as treatment successes. In the second two methods, failure rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit formula using either (2a) WHO (2001) definitions of failure, or (2b) failure defined using parasitological criteria only. RESULTS: Data analysed represented 2926 patients from 17 studies in nine African countries. Three ACTs were studied: artesunate-amodiaquine (AS+AQ, N = 1702), artesunate-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP, N = 706) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL, N = 518).Using method (1a), the day 28 failure rates ranged from 0% to 39.3% for AS+AQ treatment, from 1.0% to 33.3% for AS+SP treatment and from 0% to 3.3% for AL treatment. The median [range] difference in point estimates between method 1a (reference) and the others were: (i) method 1b = 1.3% [0 to 24.8], (ii) method 2a = 1.1% [0 to 21.5], and (iii) method 2b = 0% [-38 to 19.3].The standard per-protocol method (1a) tended to overestimate the risk of failure when compared to alternative methods using the same endpoint definitions (methods 1b and 2a). It either overestimated or underestimated the risk when endpoints based on parasitological rather than clinical criteria were applied. The standard method was also associated with a 34% reduction in the number of patients evaluated compared to the number of patients enrolled. Only 2% of the sample size was lost when failures were classified on the first day of parasite recurrence and survival analytical methods were used. CONCLUSION: The primary purpose of an in vivo study should be to provide a precise estimate of the risk of antimalarial treatment failure due to drug resistance. Use of survival analysis is the most appropriate way to estimate failure rates with parasitological recurrence classified as treatment failure on the day it occurs

    Prevalence of Escherichia coli virulence genes in patients with diarrhoea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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    Objective: Diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains are important causes of diarrhoea in the developing world and, to a lesser extent, inthe developed world. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of the virulence genes specific for five major pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in primary cultures from diarrhoeagenic patients in Burkina Faso.Methodology: From September 2016 to Mars 2017, a total of 211 faecal samples from diarrhoeagenic patients from urban hospitals of Ouagadou, Burkina Faso have been analysed. A 16-plex PCR was used to detect simultaneously, the five major DEC pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)).Results: At least one diarrhoeagenic E. Coli pathotype was detected in 31 samples (14.7%) in children and adults with diarrhoea. EAEC was the most common pathotype detected 9.5% (20/211), followed by EIEC2.4% (05/211) and STEC 0.5% (01/211). More than one DEC pathotype were detected in 2.4% (05/211) patients. EPEC and ETEC were not detected in single infection but in co-infection with others pathotypes.Conclusion: DEC, especially enteroaggregative, may be important responsible of diarrhoeas in Burkina Faso from all ages patient.Key Words: Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli, 16-plex PCR, Burkina Faso, human diarrhoeas stool

    PlasmoView: A Web-based Resource to Visualise Global Plasmodium falciparum Genomic Variation

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    Malaria is a global public health challenge, with drug resistance a major barrier to disease control and elimination. To meet the urgent need for better treatments and vaccines, a deeper knowledge of Plasmodium biology and malaria epidemiology is required. An improved understanding of the genomic variation of malaria parasites, especially the most virulent Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) species, has the potential to yield new insights in these areas. High-throughput sequencing and genotyping is generating large amounts of genomic data across multiple parasite populations. The resulting ability to identify informative variants, particularly single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), will lead to the discovery of intra- and inter-population differences and thus enable the development of genetic barcodes for diagnostic assays and clinical studies. Knowledge of genetic variability underlying drug resistance and other differential phenotypes will also facilitate the identification of novel mutations and contribute to surveillance and stratified medicine applications. The PlasmoView interactive web-browsing tool enables the research community to visualise genomic variation and annotation (eg, biological function) in a geographic setting. The first release contains over 600 000 high-quality SNPs in 631 Pf isolates from laboratory strains and four malaria-endemic regions (West Africa, East Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania)

    A barcode of organellar genome polymorphisms identifies the geographic origin of Plasmodium falciparum strains

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    Malaria is a major public health problem that is actively being addressed in a global eradication campaign. Increased population mobility through international air travel has elevated the risk of re-introducing parasites to elimination areas and dispersing drug-resistant parasites to new regions. A simple genetic marker that quickly and accurately identifies the geographic origin of infections would be a valuable public health tool for locating the source of imported outbreaks. Here we analyse the mitochondrion and apicoplast genomes of 711 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 14 countries, and find evidence that they are non-recombining and co-inherited. The high degree of linkage produces a panel of relatively few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that is geographically informative. We design a 23-SNP barcode that is highly predictive (~92%) and easily adapted to aid case management in the field and survey parasite migration worldwide

    A barcode of organellar genome polymorphisms identifies the geographic origin of Plasmodium falciparum strains.

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    Malaria is a major public health problem that is actively being addressed in a global eradication campaign. Increased population mobility through international air travel has elevated the risk of re-introducing parasites to elimination areas and dispersing drug-resistant parasites to new regions. A simple genetic marker that quickly and accurately identifies the geographic origin of infections would be a valuable public health tool for locating the source of imported outbreaks. Here we analyse the mitochondrion and apicoplast genomes of 711 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from 14 countries, and find evidence that they are non-recombining and co-inherited. The high degree of linkage produces a panel of relatively few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that is geographically informative. We design a 23-SNP barcode that is highly predictive (~92%) and easily adapted to aid case management in the field and survey parasite migration worldwide
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