687 research outputs found
On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Brief of Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc., National Association of Manufacturers, Business Roundtable, and Chemical Manufacturers Association as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent, William Daubert and Joyce Daubert, Individually and as Guardians Ad Litem for Jason Daubert, and Anita De Young, Individually and as Gaurdian Ad Litem for Eric Schuller v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
The Federal Rules of Evidence exclude expert scientific testimony when it has been developed without regard for accepted scientific methods.
This case focuses on expert scientific evidence. Such evidence plays a vital and often dispositive role in modern litigation. For scientific evidence to be helpful to the factfinder it must meet some minimal threshold of reliability. To hold otherwise would be to allow a system of adjudication based more on chance than on reason
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Usefulness of Muscle Biopsy
Community Impact and Benefit Activities of CAHs, Other Rural, and Urban Hospitals, 2014
Non-profit hospitals, including Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs), are required to report their community benefit activities (programs and services that provide treatment and/or promote health in response to identified community needs) to the Internal Revenue Service. Using a set of community benefit indicators developed by the Flex Monitoring Team (FMT), these reports compare CAHs to non-metropolitan non-CAHs (non-metro hospitals) and metropolitan (metro) hospitals in order to monitor the community benefit activities of CAHs and understand whether and how their community benefit profiles differ from the profiles of other hospitals.
The Flex Monitoring Team also produces state-specific reports with more detailed results
Comparison of existing aneurysm models and their path forward
The two most important aneurysm types are cerebral aneurysms (CA) and
abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), accounting together for over 80\% of all
fatal aneurysm incidences. To minimise aneurysm related deaths, clinicians
require various tools to accurately estimate its rupture risk. For both
aneurysm types, the current state-of-the-art tools to evaluate rupture risk are
identified and evaluated in terms of clinical applicability. We perform a
comprehensive literature review, using the Web of Science database. Identified
records (3127) are clustered by modelling approach and aneurysm location in a
meta-analysis to quantify scientific relevance and to extract modelling
patterns and further assessed according to PRISMA guidelines (179 full text
screens). Beside general differences and similarities of CA and AAA, we
identify and systematically evaluate four major modelling approaches on
aneurysm rupture risk: finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics
as deterministic approaches and machine learning and assessment-tools and
dimensionless parameters as stochastic approaches. The latter score highest in
the evaluation for their potential as clinical applications for rupture
prediction, due to readiness level and user friendliness. Deterministic
approaches are less likely to be applied in a clinical environment because of
their high model complexity. Because deterministic approaches consider
underlying mechanism for aneurysm rupture, they have improved capability to
account for unusual patient-specific characteristics, compared to stochastic
approaches. We show that an increased interdisciplinary exchange between
specialists can boost comprehension of this disease to design tools for a
clinical environment. By combining deterministic and stochastic models,
advantages of both approaches can improve accessibility for clinicians and
prediction quality for rupture risk.Comment: 46 pages, 5 figure
Anomalous codeposition of cobalt and ruthenium from chloride-sulfate baths
Codeposition of Ru and Co was studied at room temperature and at 50oC with various Ru3+ and Co2+ concentrations in the electrolyte. The codeposition of Co and Ru proved to be anomalous since no pure Ru could be obtained in the presence of Co2+ in the electrolyte, but a significant Co incorporation into the deposit was detected at potentials where the deposition of pure Co was not possible. The composition of the deposits varied monotonously with the change of the concentration ratio of Co2+ and Ru3+. The deposition of Ru was much hindered and the current efficiency was a few percent only when the molar fraction of Co in the deposit was low. Continuous deposits could be obtained only when the molar fraction of Co in the deposit was at least 40 at.%. The deposit morphology was related to the molar fraction of Co in the deposit. The X-ray diffractograms are in conformity with a hexagonal close-packed alloy and indicate the formation of nanocrystalline deposits. Two-pulse plating did not lead to a multilayer but to a Co-rich alloy. Magnetoresistance of the samples decreased with increasing Ru content
Assessment of the potential in vivo ecotoxicity of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) in water, using the amphibian Ambystoma mexicanum
Because of their specific properties (mechanical, electrical, etc), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being assessed for inclusion in many manufactured products. Due to their massive production and number of potential applications, the impact of CNTs on the environment must be taken into consideration. The present investigation evaluates the ecotoxic potential of CNTs in the amphibian larvae (Ambystoma mexicanum). Acute toxicity and genotoxicity were analysed after 12 days of exposure in laboratory conditions. The genotoxic effects were analysed by scoring the micronucleated erythrocytes in the
circulating blood of the larvae according to the French standard micronucleus assay. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that CNTs are neither acutely toxic nor genotoxic to larvae whatever the CNTs concentration in the water, although black masses of CNTs were observed inside the gut. In the increasing economical context of CNTs, complementary studies must be undertaken, especially including mechanistic and environmental investigations
Projective dynamics and classical gravitation
Given a real vector space V of finite dimension, together with a particular
homogeneous field of bivectors that we call a "field of projective forces", we
define a law of dynamics such that the position of the particle is a "ray" i.e.
a half-line drawn from the origin of V. The impulsion is a bivector whose
support is a 2-plane containing the ray. Throwing the particle with a given
initial impulsion defines a projective trajectory. It is a curve in the space
of rays S(V), together with an impulsion attached to each ray. In the simplest
example where the force is identically zero, the curve is a straight line and
the impulsion a constant bivector. A striking feature of projective dynamics
appears: the trajectories are not parameterized.
Among the projective force fields corresponding to a central force, the one
defining the Kepler problem is simpler than those corresponding to other
homogeneities. Here the thrown ray describes a quadratic cone whose section by
a hyperplane corresponds to a Keplerian conic. An original point of view on the
hidden symmetries of the Kepler problem emerges, and clarifies some remarks due
to Halphen and Appell. We also get the unexpected conclusion that there exists
a notion of divergence-free field of projective forces if and only if dim V=4.
No metric is involved in the axioms of projective dynamics.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Saffold virus is able to productively infect primate and rodent cell lines and induces apoptosis in these cells
10.1038/emi.2014.15Emerging Microbes and Infections3
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