Venue Under the Antitrust Laws: Amenability of Parent Corporations to Suit by Virtue of Their Subsidiarys\u27 Activities

The courts have developed two tests for determining the proper judicial districts in which corporate defendants in antitrust suits may be sued under section 12 of the Clayton Act. The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit applied the less restrictive test in holding that the parent corporation was transacting business in the local district through the activities of its subsidiary. The author agrees with the court\u27s application of a totality-of-circumstances analysis in finding that venue was proper but criticizes the court for not having taken the opportunity to inter the more restrictive test

Venue Under the Antitrust Laws: Amenability of Parent Corporations to Suit by Virtue of Their Subsidiarys\u27 Activities

The courts have developed two tests for determining the proper judicial districts in which corporate defendants in antitrust suits may be sued under section 12 of the Clayton Act. The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit applied the less restrictive test in holding that the parent corporation was transacting business in the local district through the activities of its subsidiary. The author agrees with the court\u27s application of a totality-of-circumstances analysis in finding that venue was proper but criticizes the court for not having taken the opportunity to inter the more restrictive test

Permitting Sale of Insurance By Bank Holding Company Subsidiaries: A Revised Analytic Framework

The authors examine the history of the Bank Holding Company Act and the 1970 Amendments, particularly as they relate to the authorized nonbanking activity of insurance sales. After discussing present Federal Reserve Board attitudes toward bank holding company applications to engage in insurance activities, the authors identify inherent weakness in the Board\u27s current policies and suggest a revised framework for analysis of such application

A BPS Interpretation of Shape Invariance

We show that shape invariance appears when a quantum mechanical model is invariant under a centrally extended superalgebra endowed with an additional symmetry generator, which we dub the shift operator. The familiar mathematical and physical results of shape invariance then arise from the BPS structure associated with this shift operator. The shift operator also ensures that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the energy levels of such a model and the energies of the BPS-saturating states. These findings thus provide a more comprehensive algebraic setting for understanding shape invariance.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, LaTe

Permitting Sale of Insurance By Bank Holding Company Subsidiaries: A Revised Analytic Framework

The authors examine the history of the Bank Holding Company Act and the 1970 Amendments, particularly as they relate to the authorized nonbanking activity of insurance sales. After discussing present Federal Reserve Board attitudes toward bank holding company applications to engage in insurance activities, the authors identify inherent weakness in the Board\u27s current policies and suggest a revised framework for analysis of such application

Shape Invariance in the Calogero and Calogero-Sutherland Models

We show that the Calogero and Calogero-Sutherland models possess an N-body generalization of shape invariance. We obtain the operator representation that gives rise to this result, and discuss the implications of this result, including the possibility of solving these models using algebraic methods based on this shape invariance. Our representation gives us a natural way to construct supersymmetric generalizations of these models, which are interesting both in their own right and for the insights they offer in connection with the exact solubility of these models.Comment: Latex file, 23 pages, no picture

Scaling of Selfavoiding Tethered Membranes: 2-Loop Renormalization Group Results

The scaling properties of selfavoiding polymerized membranes are studied using renormalization group methods. The scaling exponent \nu is calculated for the first time at two loop order. \nu is found to agree with the Gaussian variational estimate for large space dimension d and to be close to the Flory estimate for d=3.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX + 20 .eps file

Conditional testing of multiple variants associated with bone mineral density in the FLNB gene region suggests that they represent a single association signal

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a primary risk factor for osteoporosis and is a highly heritable trait, but appears to be influenced by many genes. Genome-wide linkage studies have highlighted the chromosomal region 3p14-p22 as a quantitative trait locus for BMD (LOD 1.1 - 3.5). The FLNB gene, which is thought to have a role in cytoskeletal actin dynamics, is located within this chromosomal region and presents as a strong candidate for BMD regulation. We have previously identified significant associations between four SNPs in the FLNB gene and BMD in women. We have also previously identified associations between five SNPs located 5' of the transcription start site (TSS) and in intron 1 of the FLNB gene and expression of FLNB mRNA in osteoblasts in vitro. The latter five SNPs were genotyped in this study to test for association with BMD parameters in a family-based population of 769 Caucasian women. Results: Using FBAT, significant associations were seen for femoral neck BMD Z-score with the SNPs rs11720285, rs11130605 and rs9809315 (P = 0.004 – 0.043). These three SNPs were also found to be significantly associated with total hip BMD Z-score (P = 0.014 – 0.026). We then combined the genotype data for these three SNPs with the four SNPs we previously identified as associated with BMD and performed a conditional analysis to determine whether they represent multiple independent associations with BMD. The results from this analysis suggested that these variants represent a single association signal. Conclusions: The SNPs identified in our studies as associated with BMD appear to be part of a single association signal between the FLNB gene and BMD in our data. FLNB is one of several genes located in 3p14-p22 that has been identified as significantly associated with BMD in Caucasian women