A Novel Energy-Efficient Reservation System for Edge Computing in 6G Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

The roadside unit (RSU) is one of the fundamental components in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where a vehicle communicates in infrastructure mode. The RSU has multiple functions, including the sharing of emergency messages and the updating of vehicles about the traffic situation. Deploying and managing a static RSU (sRSU) requires considerable capital and operating expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), leading to RSUs that are sparsely distributed, continuous handovers amongst RSUs, and, more importantly, frequent RSU interruptions. At present, researchers remain focused on multiple parameters in the sRSU to improve the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication; however, in this research, the mobile RSU (mRSU), an emerging concept for sixth-generation (6G) edge computing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), is proposed to improve the connectivity and efficiency of communication among V2I. In addition to this, the mRSU can serve as a computing resource for edge computing applications. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient reservation technique for edge computing in 6G VANETs that provides an energy-efficient, reservation-based, cost-effective solution by introducing the concept of the mRSU. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the mRSU exhibits superior performance compared to the sRSU in multiple aspects. The mRSU surpasses the sRSU with a packet delivery ratio improvement of 7.7%, a throughput increase of 5.1%, a reduction in end-to-end delay by 4.4%, and a decrease in hop count by 8.7%. The results are generated across diverse propagation models, employing realistic urban scenarios with varying packet sizes and numbers of vehicles. However, it is important to note that the enhanced performance parameters and improved connectivity with more nodes lead to a significant increase in energy consumption by 2%

Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Region Instability, and Facial Anomalies Syndrome (ICF) in a Boy with Variable Clinical and Immunological Presentations

Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by recurrent infections and low immunoglobulin levels due to variable combined immunodeficiency, and centromeric region instability, and facial dysmorphism. We describe a 12-year-old boy with recurrent respiratory tract infections, facial anomalies, scoliosis, and psychomotor retardation. He had recurrent pneumonia with low serum IgG and IgM levels during infancy and preschool age. Later at the age of 10, he developed recurrent ear infections. An IgA and IgM deficiency was found accompanied by a normal B-cell and T-cell count as well as an impaired candida-induced T-cell proliferation. Further evaluations revealed a missense mutation in the DNMT3B gene on chromosome 20. Chromosomal analysis showed a sunburst multi-radial feature on chromosome 1, which is a hallmark of ICF syndrome. The genetic mutation and chromosomal abnormality along with clinical findings are compatible with the diagnosis of ICF syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that scoliosis is observed in an ICF patient. The additional variable clinical symptoms in the case were the presence of spastic gait as well as hypogammaglobulinemia with immunoglobulin isotype switch at different ages

Tremor in multiple sclerosis

Tremor is estimated to occur in about 25 to 60 percent of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This symptom, which can be severely disabling and embarrassing for patients, is difficult to manage. Isoniazid in high doses, carbamazepine, propranolol and gluthetimide have been reported to provide some relief, but published evidence of effectiveness is very limited. Most trials were of small size and of short duration. Cannabinoids appear ineffective. Tremor reduction can be obtained with stereotactic thalamotomy or thalamic stimulation. However, the studies were small and information on long-term functional outcome is scarce. Physiotherapy, tremor reducing orthoses, and limb cooling can achieve some functional improvement. Tremor in MS remains a significant challenge and unmet need, requiring further basic and clinical research

Synthesis, spectral characterization and X-ray crystal structure of biologically active organotin(IV) 3-[(3',5'-dimethylphenylamido)]propanoates

A new ligand was prepared by reacting 3,5- dimethylaniline with succinic anhydride in glacial acetic acid at room temperature. A series of organotin(IV) carboxylates were prepared by reacting the ligand with R2SnCl2/R3SnCl (R = Me, Bu, Ph, Oct) in 1:2/1:1 molar ratio. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) and mass spectrometry. The structures of the ligand (HL) and complex (5) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-IR data shows that the coordination takes place through both carboxylate oxygen atoms. NMR data confirm the tetrahedral geometry in solution. In the crystal structure of ligand (HL), centrosymmetrically related molecules are linked into dimers by N–H…O hydrogen bonding interactions, while in complex (5) coordination around the tin atom is trigonal bipyramidal, with the carbon atoms of the methyl groups occupying the equatorial plane and the O atoms of symmetry- related ligands at the apices. Organotin(IV) complexes were also screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, and the results suggested that the synthesized complexes are better antimicrobial agents as compared to the free ligand

Genetic diversity analysis of the species of Gossypium by using RAPD markers

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), a DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence, was utilized to measure the genetic distance among the species of Gossypium. Variations among 20 different species of Gossypium were analyzed with 63 random 10-mer primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of a total of 370 RAPD bands generated from the 20 wild species, 310 were perceived polymorphic. The study detected a high level of genomic variability of the species of Gossypium. The maximum similarity of 64% was observed between Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium herbaceum and minimum similarity of 3% was observed between Gossypium stocksii and Gossypium longicalyx. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) showed that 20 wild species can be divided into several groups, although it is believed that Gossypium is a very widely distributed, wild species having being discovered in all the continents of the world which extends into the subtropical region. The relationship among the species is presented in the dendrogram

Effect of Artificial Sweetners on the Quality of Mango Drink

ABSTRACT Mango drink was prepared by replacing sucrose with artificial sweeteners aspartame and cyclamate. The treatments were analyzed for physico-chemical and sensory evaluation fortnightly for two months. Acidity and reducing sugar increased, while TSS, pH and ascorbic acid decreased with storage intervals. Maximum increase in acidity (0.25%) and reducing sugars (3.41%) was observed in samples with 100% sucrose, followed by samples with 75% sucrose and 25% aspartame having acidity and reducing sugar content 0.24% and 3.27%, respectively. In samples having 50% sucrose and 50%, aspartame the acidity and reducing sugars were recorded 0.23 and 3% respectively. TSS, pH and ascorbic acid decreased from 8.84° to 7.88°, 3.80 to 3.62 and 4.33 to 2.22 mg/100 gm, respectively. Treatments and storage periods significantly affected the color, flavor and taste of mango drink. For color, flavor and taste there was a declining trend in scores during storage. Sample having 75% sucrose and 25% cyclamate got maximum score for color (7.23), flavor (7.52) and taste (7.52). It was observed from this research that the samples with 75% sucrose and 25% cyclamate showed best results followed by that having 75% sucrose and 25% aspartame regarding sensory characteristics. Mango drink with these combinations is recommended further for commercial purpose