Vortex Penetration into a Type II Superconductor due to a Mesoscopic External Current

Applying the London theory we study curved vortices produced by an external current near and parallel to the surface of a type II superconductor. By minimizing the energy functional we find the contour describing the hard core of the flux line, and predict the threshold current for entrance of the first vortex. We assume that the vortex entrance is allowed due to surface defects, despite the Bean-Livingston barrier. Compared to the usual situation with a homogeneous magnetic field, the main effect of the present geometry is that larger magnetic fields can be applied locally before vortices enter the superconducting sample. It is argued that this effect can be further enhanced in anisotropic superconductors.Comment: 9 pages, 14 figure

Symmetry-resolved entanglement of 2D symmetry-protected topological states

Symmetry-resolved entanglement is a useful tool for characterizing symmetry-protected topological states. In two dimensions, their entanglement spectra are described by conformal field theories but the symmetry resolution is largely unexplored. However, addressing this problem numerically requires system sizes beyond the reach of exact diagonalization. Here, we develop tensor network methods that can access much larger systems and determine universal and nonuniversal features in their entanglement. Specifically, we construct one-dimensional matrix product operators that encapsulate all the entanglement data of two-dimensional symmetry-protected topological states. We first demonstrate our approach for the Levin-Gu model. Next, we use the cohomology formalism to deform the phase away from the fine-tuned point and track the evolution of its entanglement features and their symmetry resolution. The entanglement spectra are always described by the same conformal field theory. However, the levels undergo a spectral flow in accordance with an insertion of a many-body Aharonov-Bohm flux.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure

Analisis Kemampuan Anak Membaca Permulaan di Kelompok B Tk Mujahidin II

The general question in this research is how a child \u27s ability to read starters in group B. This study aims to determine the ability of children in group B read starters. This research was conducted in group B TK Mujahidin II, with a sample of 15 children. The method used is a qualitative research, with data collection techniques and tools: direct observation techniques by means of observation guide, direct communication techniques by means of interview, and documentary techniques with documentation tools. The results of data analysis showed that children\u27s ability to read starters in Group B, in the category enough, which means the ability of a child to read starters have been developed according to expectations on the percentage of 73.42 %

Anomalous decay of a prepared state due to non-Ohmic coupling to the continuum

We study the decay of a prepared state $E_0$ into a continuum {E_k} in the case of non-Ohmic models. This means that the coupling is $|V_{k,0}| \propto |E_k-E_0|^{s-1}$ with $s \ne 1$. We find that irrespective of model details there is a universal generalized Wigner time $t_0$ that characterizes the evolution of the survival probability $P_0(t)$. The generic decay behavior which is implied by rate equation phenomenology is a slowing down stretched exponential, reflecting the gradual resolution of the bandprofile. But depending on non-universal features of the model a power-law decay might take over: it is only for an Ohmic coupling to the continuum that we get a robust exponential decay that is insensitive to the nature of the intra-continuum couplings. The analysis highlights the co-existence of perturbative and non-perturbative features in the dynamics. It turns out that there are special circumstances in which $t_0$ is reflected in the spreading process and not only in the survival probability, contrary to the naive linear response theory expectation.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Probing single-electron scattering through a non-Fermi liquid charge-Kondo device

Among the exotic and yet unobserved features of multi-channel Kondo impurity models is their sub-unitary single electron scattering. In the two-channel Kondo model, for example, an incoming electron is fully scattered into a many-body excitation such that the single particle Green function vanishes. Here we propose to directly observe these features in a charge-Kondo device encapsulated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer - within a device already studied in Ref.[1]. We provide detailed predictions for the visibility and phase of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations depending on the number of coupled channels and the asymmetry of their couplings.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Towards a large-area RPWELL detector: design optimization and performance

We present a new design and assembly procedure of a large-area gas-avalanche Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL) detector. A $50\times50 ~\mathrm{cm^2}$ prototype was tested in $\mathrm{80 ~GeV/c}$ muon beam at CERN-SPS, presenting improved performances compared to previous ones: MIP detection efficiency over 96\% with 3\% uniformity across the entire detector area, a charge gain of $\mathrm{\approx{7.5 \times 10^3}}$ with a uniformity of 22\%, and discharge probability below $\mathrm{10^{-6}}$ with a few single hotspots attributed to production imperfections. These results pave the way towards further up-scaling detectors of this kind

Pemanfaatan Bakteriofag untuk Pengembangan Kit Deteksi Bakteri Penyebab Hawar Bakteri pada Kedelai

Bacterial leaf blight disease is one of the important soybean disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae that causes about 20% of yield loss. Bacteriophages can be used for therapy to human, animal, and plant against some bacterial pathogens. Due to the specificity of the target bacteria, bacteriophages can be beneficial for detection of the target bacteria. This research was conducted to obtain the particles of bacteriophage, to study their hosts range against several bacterial strains and to formulate a detection kit of bacterial leaf blight. Isolation of bacteria and bacteriophage was obtained from the soybean field and formulation of bacteriophage for detection kit was done on Laboratory of Virology. The results showed that there were 11 isolates of Pseudomonas syringae, 3 particles of bacteriophage (φGH1, φGH2 and φGH3), and detector paper kit. The result also showed that the composition of the detector materials (Talk, CMC, pH indicators) affect the quality of the kit

On the algorithmic construction of classifying spaces and the isomorphism problem for biautomatic groups

We show that the isomorphism problem is solvable in the class of central extensions of word-hyperbolic groups, and that the isomorphism problem for biautomatic groups reduces to that for biautomatic groups with finite centre. We describe an algorithm that, given an arbitrary finite presentation of an automatic group $\Gamma$, will construct explicit finite models for the skeleta of $K(\Gamma,1)$ and hence compute the integral homology and cohomology of $\Gamma$.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure