Introducción al estudio de la alteración de la semilla de girasol durante su almacenamiento

A comparative study has been performed to examine the alterations occurring in sunflower seeds during their storage in an air atmosphere and in a nitrogen current. Two kinds of seeds with different moisture contents were used to examine the influence of this parameter: seeds from the Ukraine with about 5% humidity, and Spanish seeds (from the Central region), with about 12% humidity. The Ukrainian seeds stored in an air atmosphere were kept at 20°C in a room with about 50% humidity, while those stored in a nitrogen current were kept in the laboratory. The seeds with a high moisture content were stored in the laboratory irrespective of the storage atmosphere used. Samples of seeds were taken periodically, and their moisture content was analyzed as was the acidity, p-anisidine, k<sub>270</sub> and k<sub>232</sub> values and % polar compounds of their crude oil.<br><br>Se ha estudiado comparativamente la evolución de la alteración entre almacenamiento con atmósfera de aire y con corriente de nitrógeno, empleando semilla de dos tipos, para estudiar igualmente la influencia de su humedad: semilla ucraniana, con humedad en torno al 5%, y semilla española (zona centro), con humedad superior al 12%. En el caso de semilla ucraniana, el almacenamiento se ha realizado en cámara del 50% de humedad y 20ºC para el caso del aire y en laboratorio para el almacenamiento con corriente de nitrógeno. La semilla de alta humedad ha sido conservada en el laboratorio, tanto para ambiente de aire como para la corriente de nitrógeno. A las muestras de semilla, tomadas periódicamente, se les realizaron análisis de humedad, mientras que al aceite crudo extraído de ellas se les realizaron análisis de grado de acidez, índice de p-anisidina, k<sub>270</sub>, k<sub>232</sub> y contenido en compuestos polares

As Fig 6 but including and not including the effect of thermal stress in summer and winter.

<p>As <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142707#pone.0142707.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a> but including and not including the effect of thermal stress in summer and winter.</p

Experimental plot, vegetation types and situation of the meteorological stations and heated mechanical models used in this study.

<p>Main plot: crosses mark the positions of the meteorological stations used to create the surfaces of meteorological variables. Inset (a) indicates the position of the experimental plot and the near-by facilities used in this study, the plot where the mechanical heated models were deployed (solid square) and the meteorological station of Birnie Hill (solid inverted triangle). Inset (b) grayscale three-dimensional image representation of the experimental plot (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142707#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a> for more details).</p

Predicted daily distance travelled by sheep (sh) and red deer (d) in summer (s) and winter (w) of the mixed linear model in Table 1.

<p>Boxes are colour coded following labels of x-axis.</p

Coefficients of the linear mixed-effects model on daily distance travelled (m) by sheep and deer in summer (May to November) and winter (December and January to April) and variance accounted for random and fixed effects.

<p>Reference levels are sheep and summer.</p

Computational estimation of the direction and strength of interaction (negative values is attraction, positive values is repulsion) of an animal as a function of the distance to its target neighbours.

<p>For simplicity we only include the closest (red line) and the six closest (blue line) neighbours.</p

As Fig 6 but including the effect of vegetation type.

<p>For simplicity we included only interactions with the nearest neighbour.</p

Pairwise comparisons between the predicted daily distances travelled by sheep and red deer in summer and winter (Fig 3 and Table 1).

<p>Significant levels after Bonferroni correction. Acronyms as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142707#pone.0142707.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>.</p