28 research outputs found

    Las empresas de servicios en América Latina: un estudio exploratorio sobre factores de competitividad internacional, obstáculos y políticas públicas

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    Fil: Lopez, Andres F. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Andres F. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Politica de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Niembro, Andrés A. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Andina; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Daniela. Centro de Investigaciones para la Transformacion; ArgentinaServices have long been a dominant sector in the global economy, since they account for the bulk of gross domestic product and employment, both in developed economies and in much of the developing world. In recent years, in turn, services have increased their weight in both international trade and external investment flows. Although Latin American companies have begun to actively participate in this new global dynamic and several countries of the region show a significant dynamism in their services exports, there are still important spaces to deepen these trends and scale positions. The present work is based on a survey of service companies in Latin America in which they were inquired about their own views about obstacles to trade in services, as well as on the coverage and impact of public policies in force that influence this trade. From this, some useful policy guidelines can be derived to promote the development of services exports in Latin America.Desde hace tiempo los servicios son un sector dominante en la economía global, puesto que dan cuenta de la mayor parte del producto interno bruto y el empleo tanto en las economías desarrolladas como en buena parte del mundo en desarrollo. En los últimos años, a su vez, los servicios han incrementado su peso tanto en el comercio internacional como en los flujos de inversiones externas. Si bien las empresas latinoamericanas han comenzado a participar activamente de esta nueva dinámica global y varios de los países de la región muestran un dinamismo apreciable en sus exportaciones de servicios, todavía hay importantes espacios de mejora para profundizar estas tendencias y escalar posiciones. El presente trabajo se basa en una encuesta a empresas de servicios de América Latina en la que se indagó acerca de la visión de las propias firmas respecto de los obstáculos para el comercio de servicios, como así también sobre la cobertura e impacto de las políticas públicas existentes en los países de la región que influyen sobre dicho comercio. De aquí, pueden derivarse algunos lineamientos de política útiles para promover el desarrollo de las exportaciones de servicios en Latinoamérica

    Diagnóstico de (brechas de) desarrollo para Argentina: En "estado crítico" a fines de los 2000

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    Fil: Lopez, Andres F. Centro de Investigaciones para la Transformación; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Andres F. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; ArgentinaFil: Niembro, Andrés A. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas y de la Administracion; ArgentinaFil: Niembro, Andrés A. Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; ChileFil: Ramos, Daniela. Centro de Investigaciones para la Transformación; Argentina.Fil: Ramos, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; ArgentinaSo far, the approaches and methodologies applied to the analysis of inequalities in development and well-being between countries are usually limited to address the topic of development gaps through the evaluation of only a few variables or dimensions. The present work aims to provide a “diagnosis” of Argentinean development gaps in the late 2000s, by implementing a methodology in which eleven key areas are identified in order to learn whether Argentina’s outcomes in them are aligned with the country’s GDP per capital level. Results suggest that negative gaps still exist in most of the identified areas.Los enfoques y las metodologías aplicados hasta ahora al estudio de las desigualdades de desarrollo y bienestar entre países suelen limitarse a abordar el problema de las brechas de desarrollo a partir de la evaluación de unas pocas variables o dimensiones. El presente trabajo pretende aportar un diagnóstico de la situación de la Argentina hacia fines de los años 2000, pero en base a un enfoque más integral en el cual se desagrega el análisis en once áreas, buscando saber si los resultados obtenidos por el país en ellas son acordes con su nivel de ingreso per cápita

    Genome-Wide Association Study in Asian Populations Identifies Variants in ETS1 and WDFY4 Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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    Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex and potentially fatal autoimmune disease, characterized by autoantibody production and multi-organ damage. By a genome-wide association study (320 patients and 1,500 controls) and subsequent replication altogether involving a total of 3,300 Asian SLE patients from Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Thailand, as well as 4,200 ethnically and geographically matched controls, genetic variants in ETS1 and WDFY4 were found to be associated with SLE (ETS1: rs1128334, P = 2.33×10−11, OR = 1.29; WDFY4: rs7097397, P = 8.15×10−12, OR = 1.30). ETS1 encodes for a transcription factor known to be involved in a wide range of immune functions, including Th17 cell development and terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes. SNP rs1128334 is located in the 3′-UTR of ETS1, and allelic expression analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed significantly lower expression level from the risk allele. WDFY4 is a conserved protein with unknown function, but is predominantly expressed in primary and secondary immune tissues, and rs7097397 in WDFY4 changes an arginine residue to glutamine (R1816Q) in this protein. Our study also confirmed association of the HLA locus, STAT4, TNFSF4, BLK, BANK1, IRF5, and TNFAIP3 with SLE in Asians. These new genetic findings may help us to gain a better understanding of the disease and the functions of the genes involved

    Guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spndylitis and its effect in Mexican rheumatology [Fundamentos para el tratamiento de la espondilitis anquilosante y su efecto en la reumatología mexicana]

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    We describe the guidelines for the current treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with an emphasis on the role and outlook of the Mexican rheumatologic community. The topics we analyze include: epidemiological as well as professional, financial, health status, and quality of life aspects. We propose to acknowledge that axial spondyloarthritis is the earliest form of ankylosing spondylitis. Finally we carry out a review of the literature supporting current therapeutic recommendations. Regarding the latter, we approached the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and their level of agreement with Mexican and other countries' rheumatologists. Finally, we analyzed the recommendations to start tumor necrosis alpha blockers among patients with ankylosing spondylitis
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