Apollo program soil mechanics experiment

The soil mechanics investigation was conducted to obtain information relating to the landing interaction of the lunar module (LM) with the lunar surface, and lunar soil erosion caused by the spacecraft engine exhaust. Results obtained by study of LM landing performance on each Apollo mission are summarized

Principles Of Differentiation And Morphogenesis

Developmental biology is the science connecting genetics with anatomy, making sense out of both. The body builds itself from the instructions of the inherited DNA and the cytoplasmic system that interprets the DNA into genes and creates intracellular and cellular networks to generation the observable phenotype. Even ecological factors such as diet and stress may modify the DNA such that different phenotypes can be constructed from the same DNA. During the past two decades, the basic principles of development have become known; although this brief chapter cannot do them justice (see, for example, Gilbert, 2013), they cover the following: mechanisms of differential gene expression; combinatorial logic of enhancers and promoters; signal-transduction pathways linking cell membrane and nucleus; mechanisms by which syndromes occur; the repertoire of morphogenetic interactions and the molecules causing them; environmental agents of phenotype production

Study of the state-of-the-art of the hermetic seals for secondary alkaline spacecraft cells Quarterly report, Sep. 20 - Dec. 20, 1967

Manufacturing methods, cost estimates, advantages, and limitations of various types of hermetic seals for secondary alkaline spacecraft cell

Negative Differential Resistivity and Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity effect in the diffusion limited current of ferroelectric thin film capacitors

We present a model for the leakage current in ferroelectric thin- film capacitors which explains two of the observed phenomena that have escaped satisfactory explanation, i.e. the occurrence of either a plateau or negative differential resistivity at low voltages, and the observation of a Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity (PTCR) effect in certain samples in the high-voltage regime. The leakage current is modelled by considering a diffusion-limited current process, which in the high-voltage regime recovers the diffusion-limited Schottky relationship of Simmons already shown to be applicable in these systems

Filament wound data base development, revision 1

The objective was to update the present Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) baseline reentry aerodynamic data base and to develop a new reentry data base for the filament wound case SRB along with individual protuberance increments. Lockheed's procedures for performing these tasks are discussed. Free fall of the SRBs after separation from the Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle is completely uncontrolled. However, the SRBs must decelerate to a velocity and attitude that is suitable for parachute deployment. To determine the SRB reentry trajectory parameters, including the rate of deceleration and attitude history during free-fall, engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center are using a six-degree-of-freedom computer program to predict dynamic behavior. Static stability aerodynamic coefficients are part of the information required for input into this computer program. Lockheed analyzed the existing reentry aerodynamic data tape (Data Tape 5) for the current steel case SRB. This analysis resulted in the development of Data Tape 7

Fully Constrained Majorana Neutrino Mass Matrices Using Σ(72×3)\Sigma(72\times 3)

In 2002, two neutrino mixing ansatze having trimaximally-mixed middle ($\nu_2$) columns, namely tri-chi-maximal mixing ($\text{T}\chi\text{M}$) and tri-phi-maximal mixing ($\text{T}\phi\text{M}$), were proposed. In 2012, it was shown that $\text{T}\chi\text{M}$ with $\chi=\pm \frac{\pi}{16}$ as well as $\text{T}\phi\text{M}$ with $\phi = \pm \frac{\pi}{16}$ leads to the solution, $\sin^2 \theta_{13} = \frac{2}{3} \sin^2 \frac{\pi}{16}$, consistent with the latest measurements of the reactor mixing angle, $\theta_{13}$. To obtain $\text{T}\chi\text{M}_{(\chi=\pm \frac{\pi}{16})}$ and $\text{T}\phi\text{M}_{(\phi=\pm \frac{\pi}{16})}$, the type~I see-saw framework with fully constrained Majorana neutrino mass matrices was utilised. These mass matrices also resulted in the neutrino mass ratios, $m_1:m_2:m_3=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)}{1+\sqrt{2(2+\sqrt{2})}}:1:\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)}{-1+\sqrt{2(2+\sqrt{2})}}$. In this paper we construct a flavour model based on the discrete group $\Sigma(72\times 3)$ and obtain the aforementioned results. A Majorana neutrino mass matrix (a symmetric $3\times 3$ matrix with 6 complex degrees of freedom) is conveniently mapped into a flavon field transforming as the complex 6 dimensional representation of $\Sigma(72\times 3)$. Specific vacuum alignments of the flavons are used to arrive at the desired mass matrices.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1402.085

Deviations from Tribimaximal Neutrino Mixing using a Model with Δ(27)\Delta(27) Symmetry

We present a model of neutrino mixing based on the flavour group $\Delta(27)$ in order to account for the observation of a non-zero reactor mixing angle ($\theta_{13}$). The model provides a common flavour structure for the charged-lepton and the neutrino sectors, giving their mass matrices a `circulant-plus-diagonal' form. Mass matrices of this form readily lead to mixing patterns with realistic deviations from tribimaximal mixing, including non-zero $\theta_{13}$. With the parameters constrained by existing measurements, our model predicts an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy. We obtain two distinct sets of solutions in which the atmospheric mixing angle lies in the first and the second octants. The first (second) octant solution predicts the lightest neutrino mass, $m_3 \sim 29~\text{meV}$ ($m_3 \sim 65~\text{meV}$) and the $CP$ phase, $\delta_{CP} \sim -\frac{\pi}{4}$ ($\delta_{CP} \sim \frac{\pi}{2}$), offering the possibility of large observable $CP$ violating effects in future experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Coherency in space of lake and river temperature and water quality records

Environmental time series observed over 100’s of monitoring locations usually possess some spatial structure in terms of common patterns throughout time, commonly described as temporal coherence. This paper will apply, develop and compare two methods for clustering time series on the basis of their patterns over time. The first approach treats the time series as functional data and applies hierarchical clustering while the second uses a state-space model based clustering approach. Both methods are developed to incorporate spatial correlation and stopping criteria are investigated to identify an appropriate number of clusters. The methods are applied to Total Organic Carbon data from river sites across Scotland