129 research outputs found
Phase distortions of attosecond pulses produced by resonance-enhanced high harmonic generation
Resonant enhancement of high harmonic generation can be obtained in plasmas
containing ions with strong radiative transitions resonant with harmonic
orders. The mechanism for this enhancement is still debated. We perform the
first temporal characterization of the attosecond emission from a tin plasma
under near-resonant conditions for two different resonance detunings. We show
that the resonance considerably changes the relative phase of neighbouring
harmonics. For very small detunings, their phase locking may even be lost,
evidencing strong phase distortions in the emission process and a modified
attosecond structure. These features are well reproduced by our simulations,
allowing their interpretation in terms of the phase of the recombination dipole
moment
Attosecond emission from chromium plasma
International audienceWe present the first measurement of the attosecond emission generated from underdense plasma produced on a solid target. We generate high-order harmonics of a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser focused in a weakly ionized underdense chromium plasma. Using the " Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating by Interference of Two-photon Transitions " (RABITT) technique, we show that the 11 th to the 19 th harmonic orders form in the time domain an attosecond pulse train with each pulse having 300 as duration, which is only 1.05 times the theoretical Fourier transform limit. Measurements reveal a very low positive group delay dispersion of 4200 as 2. Beside its fundamental interest, high-order harmonic generation in plasma plumes could thus provide an intense source of attosecond pulses for applications
Valence bond solid formalism for d-level one-way quantum computation
The d-level or qudit one-way quantum computer (d1WQC) is described using the
valence bond solid formalism and the generalised Pauli group. This formalism
provides a transparent means of deriving measurement patterns for the
implementation of quantum gates in the computational model. We introduce a new
universal set of qudit gates and use it to give a constructive proof of the
universality of d1WQC. We characterise the set of gates that can be performed
in one parallel time step in this model.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures. Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical
and Genera
Computational depth complexity of measurement-based quantum computation
We prove that one-way quantum computations have the same computational power
as quantum circuits with unbounded fan-out. It demonstrates that the one-way
model is not only one of the most promising models of physical realisation, but
also a very powerful model of quantum computation. It confirms and completes
previous results which have pointed out, for some specific problems, a depth
separation between the one-way model and the quantum circuit model. Since
one-way model has the same computational power as unbounded quantum fan-out
circuits, the quantum Fourier transform can be approximated in constant depth
in the one-way model, and thus the factorisation can be done by a polytime
probabilistic classical algorithm which has access to a constant-depth one-way
quantum computer. The extra power of the one-way model, comparing with the
quantum circuit model, comes from its classical-quantum hybrid nature. We show
that this extra power is reduced to the capability to perform unbounded
classical parity gates in constant depth.Comment: 12 page
Optical generation of matter qubit graph states
We present a scheme for rapidly entangling matter qubits in order to create
graph states for one-way quantum computing. The qubits can be simple 3-level
systems in separate cavities. Coupling involves only local fields and a static
(unswitched) linear optics network. Fusion of graph state sections occurs with,
in principle, zero probability of damaging the nascent graph state. We avoid
the finite thresholds of other schemes by operating on two entangled pairs, so
that each generates exactly one photon. We do not require the relatively slow
single qubit local flips to be applied during the growth phase: growth of the
graph state can then become a purely optical process. The scheme naturally
generates graph states with vertices of high degree and so is easily able to
construct minimal graph states, with consequent resource savings. The most
efficient approach will be to create new graph state edges even as qubits
elsewhere are measured, in a `just in time' approach. An error analysis
indicates that the scheme is relatively robust against imperfections in the
apparatus.Comment: 10 pages in 2 column format, includes 4 figures. Problems with
figures resolve
Association between substance use and psychosocial characteristics among adolescents of the Seychelles
BACKGROUND: We examined the associations between substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and cannabis use) and psychosocial characteristics at the individual and family levels among adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the African region. METHODS: A school survey was conducted in a representative sample of 1432 students aged 11-17 years from all secondary schools. Data came from a self-administered anonymous questionnaire conducted along a standard methodology (Global School-based Health Survey, GSHS). Risk behaviors and psychosocial characteristics were dichotomized. Association analyses were adjusted for a possible classroom effect. RESULTS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use was higher in boys than in girls and increased with age. Age-adjusted and multivariate analyses showed that several individual level characteristics (e.g. suicidal ideation and truancy) and family level characteristics (e.g. poor parental monitoring) were associated with substance use among students. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that health promotion programs should simultaneously address multiple risk behaviors and take into account a wide range of psychosocial characteristics of the students at the individual and family levels
Clustering of smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use in adolescents in a rapidly developing country
BACKGROUND: Smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use ("risk behaviors") are often initiated at a young age but few epidemiological studies have assessed their joined prevalence in children in developing countries. This study aims at examining the joint prevalence of these behaviors in adolescents in the Seychelles, a rapidly developing country in the Indian Ocean. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of secondary school students using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire (Global Youth Tobacco Survey). The questionnaire was completed by 1,321 (92%) of 1,442 eligible students aged 11 to 17 years. Main variables of interest included smoking cigarettes on ≥1 day in the past 30 days; drinking any alcohol beverage on ≥1 day in the past 30 days and using cannabis at least once in the past 12 months. RESULTS: In boys and girls, respectively, prevalence (95% CI) was 30% (26–34)/21% (18–25) for smoking, 49% (45–54)/48% (43–52) for drinking, and 17% (15–20)/8% (6–10) for cannabis use. The prevalence of all these behaviors increased with age. Smokers were two times more likely than non-smokers to drink and nine times more likely to use cannabis. Drinkers were three times more likely than non-drinkers to smoke or to use cannabis. Comparison of observed versus expected frequencies of combination categories demonstrated clustering of these risk behaviors in students (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Smoking, drinking and cannabis use were common and clustered among adolescents of a rapidly developing country. These findings stress the need for early and integrated prevention programs
PIM1 kinase regulates cell death, tumor growth and chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have poor prognosis and lack targeted therapies. Here we identified increased copy number and expression of the PIM1 proto-oncogene in genomic data sets of patients with TNBC. TNBC cells, but not nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells, were dependent on PIM1 for proliferation and protection from apoptosis. PIM1 knockdown reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2, and dynamic BH3 profiling of apoptotic priming revealed that PIM1 prevents mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. In TNBC tumors and their cellular models, PIM1 expression was associated with several transcriptional signatures involving the transcription factor MYC, and PIM1 depletion in TNBC cell lines decreased, in a MYC-dependent manner, cell population growth and expression of the MYC target gene MCL1. Treatment with the pan–PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 impaired the growth of both cell line and patient-derived xenografts and sensitized them to standard-of-care chemotherapy. This work identifies PIM1 as a malignant-cell-selective target in TNBC and the potential use of PIM1 inhibitors for sensitizing TNBC to chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cell death
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