Periodic Versus Aggregate Donations: Leveraging Donation Frequencies to Cultivate the Regular Donor Portfolio

Charitable organizations play a key role in society but face the recurrent challenge of obtaining sufficient resources to accomplish their missions. The regular donor portfolio becomes a critical element in providing stable and long-lasting funding, and its effective management has emerged as a key research area. This study investigates the impact of the donation frequency by regular donors on their donation amount over time. Drawing from temporal reframing literature, we provide an understanding of these effects as well as the moderating role of the motivations to donate (self- vs other-oriented). The study also investigates the extent to which frequency choices are influenced by the motivations to donate and by the donation options presented during registration. Using a sample of regular donors from 2013 to 2019 and applying dynamic panel data techniques, the findings reveal that higher frequencies lead to higher donations, though this effect is strengthened by self-oriented motivations and weakened by other-oriented motivations. Our study shows that motivations to donate and donation options jointly explain donation frequencies. This study provides useful guidance for charities on how to increase regular donors’ perceived value and their contributions to help these organizations provide essential services to the most vulnerable groups in society

Why do you want a relationship, anyway? Consent to receive marketing communications and donors’ willingness to engage with nonprofits

Relationship marketing has been key to developing stronger relationships and promoting donor continuity in nonprofit organizations. However, it is not clear whether these efforts are effective for all individuals who choose to financially support an organization. Taking a relationship orientation approach, this study investigates the effect of consenting to direct marketing on occasional donors’ decisions to become members (i.e., contributing through membership programs), and analyzes the moderating role of past donation behavior (i.e., frequency and amount). The results reveal that occasional donors who consent to direct marketing are more likely to develop a long-term relationship as members. This effect is reinforced when donors have contributed greater amounts in the past. The findings also demonstrate that, through their membership, donors consenting to direct marketing provide greater financial support on an ongoing basis. This study offers novel insights into the relationship marketing literature and provides contributions to fundraising managers

Field induced magnetic transition and metastability in Co substituted Mn2SbMn_{2}Sb

A detailed investigation of first order ferrimagnetic (FRI) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition in Co (15%) doped $Mn_2Sb$ is carried out. These measurements demonstrate anomalous thermomagnetic irreversibility and glass-like frozen FRI phase at low temperatures. The irreversibility arising between the supercooling and superheating spinodals is distinguised in an ingenious way from the irreversibility arising due to kinetic arrest. Field annealing measurements shows reentrant FRI-AFM-FRI transition with increasing temperature. These measurements also show that kinetic arrest band and supercooling band are anitcorrelated i.e regions which are kinetically arrested at higher temperature have lower supercooling temperature and vice versa.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Numerical study of VIV over a flexible riser

This study is based on the simulation of the fluid-structure interaction on risers. We aim to quantify the structural response of these long flexible pipes, used for the extraction of offshore petroleum when they are subjected to marine currents. Toe occurring phenomenon is known as VIV (Vortex induced VIbration). These problems are a relevant challenge for several offshore companies, which are associated with K-Epsilon in a Citeph project. Toe project's goal is to use the FSI simulation tool developed by K-Epsilon and initially used for the simulation offlexible membranes such as sails, to model these VIV phenomena. Toe problem of VIV in the case of a riser is a strongly coupled problem, meaning that the added mass is not negligible compared to the mass of the structure. This can be challenging for most fluid-structure interaction software. A strongly coupled algorithm is presented [6]. First, numerical results of fluid around cylinders are presented and compared to experimental results ([l], [10]) with several turbulence models, and time step sizes. Toen, Chaplin's benchmark is presented with experimental / numerical comparison [3]

Tunable crossover between one- and three-dimensional magnetic dynamics in C oII single-chain magnets organized by halogen bonding

Low-temperature magnetometry, ac susceptibility, and calorimetry have been employed to study Co-based single-chain magnets (SCMs) organized through halogen bonding. Magnetic hysteresis and maxima in the dc and ac susceptibilities, respectively, confirm the SCM behavior of the system. Several characteristic magnetic relaxation regimes are observed at different temperatures, which can be associated with both intra- and interchain exchange interactions. Remarkably, tweaking the rate at which an external magnetic field is swept along the axis of the chains enables a controlled transition between the one- and three-dimensional dynamics. Experiments on an isostructural Co-based SCM system crystallized with different halogens do not show three-dimensional dynamics, illustrating the importance of halogen bonding on the control of interchain interactions

Female directors and firm performance in Italian and Spanish listed firms. Does masculinity matter?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between women on the board of directors and firm performance in a comparative analysis between Italy and Spain. Design/methodology/approach The generalized method of moment is employed to examine this relationship in a sample of 1,393 firm-year observations. Findings The results show that the presence of women on the board has a positive impact on the performance of Italian and Spanish firms. However, when the whole sample is divided into Italy and Spain, some results are remarkable. For Spain, the presence of women on the board has a positive influence on firm performance, whereas for Italy the authors find a negative and significant effect on firm performance. This study also finds that the “masculinity” dimension has a negative impact on firm performance. Practical implications The results of this study have several practical implications. First, masculinity differences within the countries can have a large impact on firm performance and can explain some differences between similar countries. Second, the legal system of countries might not explain adequately some differences in the decision-making process. Third, cultural values and thinking styles, in terms of masculinity, might better explain why the results on the relationship between female directors and firm performance are mixed. Fourth, the findings suggest that it is very important to promote gender equality, not only by passing laws but also taking action about the educational system. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between female directors and firm performance between Italy and Spain considering the cultural differences in term of “masculinity.

Olfactory Sex Recognition Investigated in Antarctic Prions

Chemical signals can yield information about an animal such as its identity, social status or sex. Such signals have rarely been considered in birds, but recent results have shown that chemical signals are actually used by different bird species to find food and to recognize their home and nest. This is particularly true in petrels whose olfactory anatomy is among the most developed in birds. Recently, we have demonstrated that Antarctic prions, Pachyptila desolata, are also able to recognize and follow the odour of their partner in a Y-maze

Effect of harvest time on physicochemical quality parameters, oxidation stability, and volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in some physicochemical properties of olives (fruit weight, water content and oil content) and olive oils (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, pheophytin a, peroxide value and free acidity), and in the chemical properties (fatty acids, tocopherols, phenolics, oxidation stability and volatile profiles) of oils during ripening.Ripening indices (RI) of olive samples were 1.93 (unripe), 4.28 (ripe) and 5.89 (overripe). Most of the mentioned features changed with ripening. During ripening there was a sharp decrease in total chlorophyll, carotenoid and pheophytin a contents. An increase in oleic and linoleic acids and a decrease in palmitic acid were found in the fatty acid composition. Olive oils showed strong relations among oxidation stability, tocopherol content, total phenols content, and antiradical actvity of phenol extracts and these parameters decreased with maturation. Nevertheless, higher amounts of trans-2-hexenal were found in the oil from ripe olives than from unripe and overripe olives. On the other hand, the highest concentration of hexanal was found in the oil from overripe olives.In general, significant differences were observed in fruit weight, pigments, free acidity, fatty acid, tocopherol, and total phenolics contents, radical scavenger activity, oxidation stability, phenolic profile and volatile profile between the olive oils from the Gemlik cultivar at different stages of maturation