Erfahrungen mit Sandersatz im Küstenschutz - Eine allgemeine Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Praxis mit aktuellen Erkenntnissen aus der Wissenschaft

Die SWOT-Analyse zeigt, dass jedes Verfahren für die Materialentnahme und die Aufspülung eine Reihe von Vor- und Nachteilen mit sich bringt, die der Anwender gegeneinander abwägen muss. Mit weiteren Forschungsergebnissen, v.a. hinsichtlich der langfristigen ökologischen und morphologischen Auswirkungen der Verfahren, könnten einige der potenziellen Chancen und Risiken zu bekannten und absehbaren Stärken bzw. Schwächen werden. Bis dahin muss der Anwender unter Berücksichtigung aller Faktoren ein Verfahren auswählen, das für den geplanten Anwendungsfall geeignet ist und bei dem die Risiken für die Region vertretbar sind. Dabei muss jedoch beachtet werden, dass viele bisher unbekannte biologische Prozesse möglicherweise weitere Auswirkungen auf das Küstenökosystem haben könnten. Daher sind Eingriffe in die Küstenumwelt immer mit gewissen Risiken für das Ökosystem und den Menschen verbunden und sollten nur dann erfolgen, wenn sie unter Abwägung der wesentlich beeinflussten marinen und terrestrischen Kompartimente und nach Diskussion und Priorisierung der primären Schutzziele (Lebens-, Natur- und Wirtschaftsraum) unbedingt erforderlich sind

Wissenschaftliche Monitoringkonzepte für die Deutsche Bucht (WIMO) - Abschlussbericht

The state and development of coastal marine systems and an understanding of the interaction of organisms, sea floor, water column, and biochemical and physical processes can only be obtained by a combination of long-term monitoring and modelling approaches of different complexity. A need for the development and evaluation of monitoring strategies is driven by a framework of different European and German regulations. The research project WIMO (Scientific Monitoring Concepts for the German Bight) has developed concepts and methods that aim at a fundamental scientific understanding of marine systems and also meet monitoring requirements of European legislation and regulations like the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. In this final report examples of common descriptors of ecosystem state like seabed integrity, eutrophication, and biodiversity are discussed. It has been assessed to what extent established measuring procedures used to survey the characteristics of the sea floor, and newly developed technologies are eligible for governmental monitoring. The significance of integrative modelling for linking and visualising results of measurements and models is illustrated. It is shown how new concepts have been implemented into governmental monitoring in the form of web based data sheets. These insights enable continuous analyses and developments in the future

Contribution of smoking and air pollution exposure in urban areas to social differences in respiratory health

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Socio-economic status, smoking, and exposure to increased levels of environmental air pollution are associated with adverse effects on respiratory health. We assessed the contribution of occupational exposures, smoking and outdoor air pollution as competing factors for the association between socio-economic status and respiratory health indicators in a cohort of women from the Ruhr area aged 55 at the time of investigation between 1985 and 1990.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data of 1251 women with spirometry and complete questionnaire information about respiratory diseases, smoking and potential confounders were used in the analyses. Exposure to large-scale air pollution was assessed with data from monitoring stations. Exposure to small-scale air pollution was assessed as traffic-related exposure by distance to the nearest major road. Socio-economic status was defined by educational level. Multiple regression models were used to estimate the contribution of occupational exposures, smoking and outdoor air pollution to social differences in respiratory health.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Women with less than 10 years of school education in comparison to more than 10 years of school education were more often occupationally exposed (16.4% vs. 10.1%), smoked more often (20.3% vs. 13.9%), and lived more often close to major roads (26.0% vs. 22.9%). Long-term exposure to increased levels of PM₁₀was significantly associated with lower school education. Women with low school education were more likely to suffer from respiratory symptoms and had reduced lung function. In the multivariate analysis the associations between education and respiratory health attenuated after adjusting for occupational exposure, smoking and outdoor air pollution. The crude odds ratio for the association between the lung function indicator FEV₁less than 80% of predicted value and educational level (<10 years vs. >10 years of school education) was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.22–2.74). This changed to 1.56 (95% CI: 1.03–2.37) after adjusting for occupational exposure, smoking and outdoor air pollution.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found an association between socio-economic status and respiratory health. This can partly be explained by living conditions indicated by occupational exposure, smoking behaviour and ambient air pollution. A relevant part of the social differences in respiratory health, however, remained unexplained.</p

Blood glucose testing and primary prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 - evaluation of the effect of evidence based patient information

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Evidence-based patient information (EBPI) has been recognised as important tool for informed choice in particular in the matter of preventive options. An objective, on the best scientific evidence-based consumer information about subthreshold elevated blood glucose levels (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance) and primary prevention of diabetes, is not available yet. Thus we developed a web-based EBPI and aim to evaluate its effects on informed decision making in people 50 years or older.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>We conduct a web-based randomised-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of information about elevated blood glucose levels and diabetes primary prevention on five specific outcomes: (i) knowledge of elevated blood glucose level-related issues (primary outcome); (ii) attitudes to a metabolic testing; (iii) intention to undergo a metabolic testing; (iv) decision conflict; (v) satisfaction with the information. The intervention group receives a specially developed EBPI about subthreshold elevated blood glucose levels and diabetes primary prevention, the control group information about this topic, available in the internet.</p> <p>The study population consists of people between 50 and 69 years of age without known diabetes. Participants will be recruited via the internet page of the cooperating health insurance company, Techniker Krankenkasse (TK), and the internet page of the German Diabetes Centre. Outcomes will be measured through online questionnaires. We expect better informed participants in the intervention group.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The design of this study may be a prototype for other web-based prevention information and their evaluation.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trial: ISRCTN22060616.</p

Measurement of health-related quality by multimorbidity groups in primary health care

[EN] Background: Increased life expectancy in Western societies does not necessarily mean better quality of life. To improve resources management, management systems have been set up in health systems to stratify patients according to morbidity, such as Clinical Risk Groups (CRG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of multimorbidity on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in primary care. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study, based on a representative random sample (n = 306) of adults from a health district (N = 32,667) in east Spain (Valencian Community), was conducted in 2013. Multimorbidity was measured by stratifying the population with the CRG system into nine mean health statuses (MHS). HRQL was assessed by EQ-5D dimensions and the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS). The effect of the CRG system, age and gender on the utility value and VAS was analysed by multiple linear regression. A predictive analysis was run by binary logistic regression with all the sample groups classified according to the CRG system into the five HRQL dimensions by taking the ¿healthy¿ group as a reference. Multivariate logistic regression studied the joint influence of the nine CRG system MHS, age and gender on the five EQ-5D dimensions. Results: Of the 306 subjects, 165 were female (mean age of 53). The most affected dimension was pain/discomfort (53%), followed by anxiety/depression (42%). The EQ-5D utility value and EQ VAS progressively lowered for the MHS with higher morbidity, except for MHS 6, more affected in the five dimensions, save self-care, which exceeded MHS 7 patients who were older, and MHS 8 and 9 patients, whose condition was more serious. The CRG system alone was the variable that best explained health problems in HRQL with 17%, which rose to 21% when associated with female gender. Age explained only 4%. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that the multimorbidity groups obtained by the CRG classification system can be used as an overall indicator of HRQL. These utility values can be employed for health policy decisions based on cost-effectiveness to estimate incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALY) with routinely e-health data. Patients under 65 years with multimorbidity perceived worse HRQL than older patients or disease severity. Knowledge of multimorbidity with a stronger impact can help primary healthcare doctors to pay attention to these population groups.The authors would like to thank the Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Sanitat Pública of the Generalitat Valenciana (the Regional Valencian Health Government) for providing the study data. We would also like to thank Helen Warbuton for editing the English.Milá-Perseguer, M.; Guadalajara Olmeda, MN.; Vivas-Consuelo, D.; Usó-Talamantes, R. (2019). Measurement of health-related quality by multimorbidity groups in primary health care. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 17(8):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1063-zS110178Ministerio de Sanidad SS, Igualdad e. Indicadores de Salud 2013. Evolución de los indicadores del estado de salud en España y su magnitud en el contexto de la Unión Europea. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad; 2014.OECD/EU: Health at a Glance: Europe 2016 – State of Health in the EU Cycle, OECD Publishing, Paris. In.; 2016.WHO: Disability and health. In. Edited by WHO; 2017.Nicholson K, Makovski TT, Griffith LE, Raina P, Stranges S, van den Akker M. Multimorbidity and comorbidity revisited: refining the concepts for international health research. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018.Palmer K, Marengoni A, Forjaz MJ, Jureviciene E, Laatikainen T, Mammarella F, Muth C, Navickas R, Prados-Torres A, Rijken M, et al. Multimorbidity care model: recommendations from the consensus meeting of the joint action on chronic diseases and promoting healthy ageing across the life cycle (JA-CHRODIS). Health Policy. 2018;122(1):4–11.WHO: Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions. Building blocks for action. In.: WHO; 2014.Fortin M, Bravo G, Hudon C, Vanasse A, Lapointe L. Prevalence of multimorbidity among adults seen in family practice. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(3):223–8.Inoriza JM, Coderch J, Carreras M, Vall-Llosera L, Garcia-Goni M, Lisbona JM, Ibern P. Measurement of morbidity attended in an integrated health care organization. Gac Sanit. 2009;23(1):29–37.Hunger M, Thorand B, Schunk M, Döring A, Menn P, Peters A, Holle R. Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life in the older population: results from the German KORA-age study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011;9:53.de Miguel P, Caballero I, Rivas FJ, Manera J, de Vicente MA, Gómez Á. Morbidity observed in a health area: impact on professionals and funding. Aten Primaria. 2015;47(5):301–7.Agborsangaya CB, Lau D, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Multimorbidity prevalence and patterns across socioeconomic determinants: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:201.Orueta JF, García-Álvarez A, García-Goñi M, Paolucci F, Nuño-Solinís R. Prevalence and costs of multimorbidity by deprivation levels in the Basque Country: a population based study using health administrative databases. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89787.Mujica-Mota RE, Roberts M, Abel G, Elliott M, Lyratzopoulos G, Roland M, Campbell J. Common patterns of morbidity and multi-morbidity and their impact on health-related quality of life: evidence from a national survey. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(4):909–18.Caballer Tarazona V, Guadalajara Olmeda N, Vivas Consuelo D, Clemente Collado A. Impact of morbidity on health care costs of a Department of Health through clinical risk groups. Valencian Community, Spain. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2016;90:e1–e15.Calderon-Larranaga A, Abrams C, Poblador-Plou B, Weiner JP, Prados-Torres A. Applying diagnosis and pharmacy-based risk models to predict pharmacy use in Aragon, Spain: the impact of a local calibration. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:22.Hughes JS, Averill RF, Eisenhandler J, Goldfield NI, Muldoon J, Neff JM, Gay JC. Clinical risk groups (CRGs): a classification system for risk-adjusted capitation-based payment and health care management. Med Care. 2004;42(1):81–90.Vivas-Consuelo D, Uso-Talamantes R, Trillo-Mata JL, Caballer-Tarazona M, Barrachina-Martinez I, Buigues-Pastor L. Predictability of pharmaceutical spending in primary health services using clinical risk groups. Health Policy. 2014;116(2–3):188–95.Milla Perseguer M, Guadalajara Olmeda N, Vivas Consuelo D. Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on the consumption of resources in primary care according to clinical risk groups. Aten Primaria. 2018.WHOQOL. The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46(12):1569–85.Badia X, Carne X. The evaluation of quality of life in clinical trials. Medicina Clinica. 1998;110(14):550–6.Revicki DA. Health-related quality of life in the evaluation of medical therapy for chronic illness. J Fam Pract. 1989;29(4):377–80.Agborsangaya CB, Lau D, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Health-related quality of life and healthcare utilization in multimorbidity: results of a cross-sectional survey. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(4):791–9.Romero M, Vivas-Consuelo D, Alvis-Guzman N. Is health related quality of life (HRQoL) a valid indicator for health systems evaluation? Springerplus. 2013;2:664.Hanmer J, Feeny D, Fischhoff B, Hays RD, Hess R, Pilkonis PA, Revicki DA, Roberts MS, Tsevat J, Yu L. The PROMIS of QALYs. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015;13.Herdman M, Badia X, Berra S. EuroQol-5D: a simple alternative for measuring health-related quality of life in primary care. Atencion primaria / Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria. 2001;28(6):425–30.EuroQol G. EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990;16(199–208).Agborsangaya CB, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Comparing the EQ-5D 3L and 5L: measurement properties and association with chronic conditions and multimorbidity in the general population. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:7.Real Decreto Legislativo 8/2015, de 30 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social. In. «BOE» núm. 261, de 31/10/2015.: Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social.; 2015.Ministry of Health and Social Policy:. Estudios sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes afectados por determinadas patologías. [ http://www.mscbs.gob.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/ ].Ministry of Health and Social Policy: Encuesta Nacional de Salud. España 2011/12. Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos: EQ-5D-5L. Serie Informes monográficos n° 3. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad; 2014.Fortin M, Bravo G, Hudon C, Lapointe L, Almirall J, Dubois MF, Vanasse A. Relationship between multimorbidity and health-related quality of life of patients in primary care. Qual Life Res. 2006;15(1):83–91.Fortin M, Dubois MF, Hudon C, Soubhi H, Almirall J. Multimorbidity and quality of life: a closer look. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007;5:52.Brazier JE, Yang Y, Tsuchiya A, Rowen DL. A review of studies mapping (or cross walking) non-preference based measures of health to generic preference-based measures. Eur J Health Econ. 2010;11.Peak J, Goranitis I, Day E, Copello A, Freemantle N, Frew E. Predicting health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L) and capability wellbeing (ICECAP-A) in the context of opiate dependence using routine clinical outcome measures: CORE-OM, LDQ and TOP. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16(1):106.Rivero-Arias O, Ouellet M, Gray A, Wolstenholme J, Rothwell PM, Luengo-Fernandez R. Mapping the modified Rankin scale (mRS) measurement into the generic EuroQol (EQ-5D) health outcome. Med Decis Mak. 2010;30.Argimon Pallás JM, Jiménez Villa J: Métodos de investigación clínica y epidemiológica, vol. Capítulo 15. Tamaño de la muestra; 2013.Yepes-Núñez JJ, García García HI: Preferencias de estados de salud y medidas de utilidad. In., vol. 24. Iatreia; 2011: 365–377.Attema AE, Edelaar-Peeters Y, Versteegh MM, Stolk EA. Time trade-off: one methodology, different methods. Eur J Health Econ. 2013;14(Suppl 1):S53–64.Badia X, Roset M, Herdman M, Kind P. A comparison of United Kingdom and Spanish general population time trade-off values for EQ-5D health states. Med Decis Mak. 2001;21(1):7–16.Garin N, Olaya B, Moneta MV, Miret M, Lobo A, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Haro JM. Impact of multimorbidity on disability and quality of life in the Spanish older population. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e111498.Mielck A, Vogelmann M, Leidl R. Health-related quality of life and socioeconomic status: inequalities among adults with a chronic disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:58.Usó Talamantes R: Análisis y desarrollo de un modelo predictivo del gasto farmacéutico ambulatorio ajustado a morbilidad y riesgo clínico [tesis doctoral]. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; 2015. https://www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do?ref=1183638 .Sánchez Mollá M, Candela García I, Gómez-Romero FJ, Orozco Beltrán D, Ollero Baturone M. Concordance between stratification systems and identification of patients with multiple chronic diseases in primary care. Rev Calid Asist. 2017;32(1):10–6.Vivas-Consuelo D, Uso-Talamantes R, Guadalajara-Olmeda N, Trillo-Mata J-L, Sancho-Mestre C, Buigues-Pastor L. Pharmaceutical cost management in an ambulatory setting using a risk adjustment tool. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:462.Coderch J, Sánchez-Pérez I, Ibern P, Carreras M, Pérez-Berruezo X, Inoriza JM. Predicting individual risk of high healthcare cost to identify complex chronic patients. Gac Sanit. 2014;28(4):292–300.Osca Guadalajara M, Guadalajara Olmeda N, Escartín Martínez R. Impact of Teriparatide on quality of life in osteoporotic patients. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2015;89(2):215–25.Prazeres F, Santiago L. Relationship between health-related quality of life, perceived family support and unmet health needs in adult patients with multimorbidity attending primary care in Portugal: a multicentre cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14(1):156.Brettschneider C, Leicht H, Bickel H, Dahlhaus A, Fuchs A, Gensichen J, Maier W, Group MS. Relative impact of multimorbid chronic conditions on health-related quality of life--results from the MultiCare cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66742