Potencial de hibridação entre acessos de tomateiro para pré-melhoramento quanto à resistência à requeima.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genitores com potencial de hibridação para o pré?melhoramento do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum) quanto à resistência à requeima. Foram utilizados seis acessos de tomateiro (BGH?2102, BGH?2117, BGH?2127, BGH?2130, BGH?2332 e BGH?2343) como genitores resistentes e 15 híbridos F1 originários destes genitores. Utilizou?se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma mistura de esporângios de Phytophthora infestans , agente etiológico da requeima, na concentração de 5x10 3 esporângios mL ?1. A área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença foi utilizada para avaliar a resistência. Realizou?se a análise dialélica, tendo se considerado o efeito de genótipos como fixo. Estimou-se a capacidade geral e específica de combinação dos acessos. O padrão de resistência dos genitores e da maioria dos F1 foi o mesmo que o das testemunhas resistentes. Foram observados: variabilidade genética aditiva entre os genitores, predominância de efeitos gênicos não aditivos e desvios de dominância bidirecional no controle do caráter. A frequência de alelos favoráveis e divergentes para resistência à requeima é maior nos acessos BGH?2117, BGH?2127 e BGH?2343

Mild Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Calorie Restriction Increase Fasting eNOS, Akt and Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promoted by eNOS activation is believed to play a central role in the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR). Since treatment of mice with dinitrophenol (DNP) promotes health and lifespan benefits similar to those observed in CR, we hypothesized that it could also impact biogenesis. We found that DNP and CR increase citrate synthase activity, PGC-1α, cytochrome c oxidase and mitofusin-2 expression, as well as fasting plasma levels of NO• products. In addition, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue was activated in fasting CR and DNP animals. Overall, our results indicate that systemic mild uncoupling activates eNOS and Akt-dependent pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis

Serum from Calorie-Restricted Rats Activates Vascular Cell eNOS through Enhanced Insulin Signaling Mediated by Adiponectin

eNOS activation resulting in mitochondrial biogenesis is believed to play a central role in life span extension promoted by calorie restriction (CR). We investigated the mechanism of this activation by treating vascular cells with serum from CR rats and found increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, in addition to enhanced nitrite release. Inhibiting Akt phosphorylation or immunoprecipitating adiponectin (found in high quantities in CR serum) completely prevented the increment in nitrite release and eNOS activation. Overall, we demonstrate that adiponectin in the serum from CR animals increases NO• signaling by activating the insulin pathway. These results suggest this hormone may be a determinant regulator of the beneficial effects of CR

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Amazonia Camtrap: a data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest.

Abstract : The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scatteredacross the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublishedraw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazonregions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal,bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data setcomprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eightcountries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru,Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxawere: mammals:Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles:Tupinambis teguixin(716 records). The infor-mation detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a moreaccurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climatechange, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of themost important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when usingits data in publications and we also request that researchers and educator sinform us of how they are using these data

Identificação dos genes Ty-2 e Ty-3 de resistência a begomovírus em genótipos de tomateiro.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença dos genes Ty-2 e Ty-3, de resistência a begomovírus, em acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os oligonucleotídeos TO302 F/R e FLUW25 F/R foram utilizados em reações de PCR, para verificar a presença de marcadores relacionados aos genes Ty-2 e Ty-3, respectivamente. Observou-se a presença do gene Ty-2, em heterozigose na subamostra BGH-6881 (Solanum peruvianum), e do gene Ty-3, em homozigose nas subamostras BGH-6878, BGH-6897 (S. lycopersicum) e em heterozigose na subamostra BGH-6881. A identificação dos genes de resistência, com reações de PCR, representa um avanço para os programas de melhoramento de tomateiro no Brasil