333 research outputs found
Non--Commutative Field Theories beyond Perturbation Theory
We investigate two models in non-commutative (NC) field theory by means of
Monte Carlo simulations. Even if we start from the Euclidean lattice
formulation, such simulations are only feasible after mapping the systems onto
dimensionally reduced matrix models. Using this technique, we measure Wilson
loops in 2d NC gauge theory of rank 1. It turns out that they are
non-perturbatively renormalizable, and the phase follows an Aharonov-Bohm
effect if we identify \theta = 1/B. Next we study the 3d \lambda \phi^{4} model
with two NC coordinates, where we present new results for the correlators and
the dispersion relation. We further reveal the explicit phase diagram. The
ordered regime splits into a uniform and a striped phase, as it was
qualitatively conjectured before. We also confirm the recent observation by
Ambjorn and Catterall that such stripes occur even in d=2, although they imply
the spontaneous breaking of translation symmetry. However, in d=3 and d=2 we
observe only patterns of two stripes to be stable in the range of parameters
investigated.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, talk presented at 35th Ahrenshoop Symposiu
Numerical results on the Non-commutative \lambda \phi^4 Model
The UV/IR mixing in the \lambda \phi^4 model on a non-commutative (NC) space
leads to new predictions in perturbation theory, including Hartree-Fock type
approximations. Among them there is a changed phase diagram and an unusual
behavior of the correlation functions. In particular this mixing leads to a
deformation of the dispersion relation. We present numerical results for these
effects in d=3 with two NC coordinates.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures, Talk presented at Lattice2003(theory
Optimally Stabilized PET Image Denoising Using Trilateral Filtering
Low-resolution and signal-dependent noise distribution in positron emission
tomography (PET) images makes denoising process an inevitable step prior to
qualitative and quantitative image analysis tasks. Conventional PET denoising
methods either over-smooth small-sized structures due to resolution limitation
or make incorrect assumptions about the noise characteristics. Therefore,
clinically important quantitative information may be corrupted. To address
these challenges, we introduced a novel approach to remove signal-dependent
noise in the PET images where the noise distribution was considered as
Poisson-Gaussian mixed. Meanwhile, the generalized Anscombe's transformation
(GAT) was used to stabilize varying nature of the PET noise. Other than noise
stabilization, it is also desirable for the noise removal filter to preserve
the boundaries of the structures while smoothing the noisy regions. Indeed, it
is important to avoid significant loss of quantitative information such as
standard uptake value (SUV)-based metrics as well as metabolic lesion volume.
To satisfy all these properties, we extended bilateral filtering method into
trilateral filtering through multiscaling and optimal Gaussianization process.
The proposed method was tested on more than 50 PET-CT images from various
patients having different cancers and achieved the superior performance
compared to the widely used denoising techniques in the literature.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the Lecture Notes in Computer
Science (MICCAI 2014
Superconducting properties of very high quality NbN thin films grown by high temperature chemical vapor deposition
Niobium nitride (NbN) is widely used in high-frequency superconducting
electronics circuits because it has one of the highest superconducting
transition temperatures ( 16.5 K) and largest gap among
conventional superconductors. In its thin-film form, the of NbN is very
sensitive to growth conditions and it still remains a challenge to grow NbN
thin film (below 50 nm) with high . Here, we report on the superconducting
properties of NbN thin films grown by high-temperature chemical vapor
deposition (HTCVD). Transport measurements reveal significantly lower disorder
than previously reported, characterized by a Ioffe-Regel ()
parameter of 14. Accordingly we observe 17.06 K (point of
50% of normal state resistance), the highest value reported so far for films of
thickness below 50 nm, indicating that HTCVD could be particularly useful for
growing high quality NbN thin films
The Bright Side of Coulomb Blockade
We explore the photonic (bright) side of dynamical Coulomb blockade (DCB) by
measuring the radiation emitted by a dc voltage-biased Josephson junction
embedded in a microwave resonator. In this regime Cooper pair tunneling is
inelastic and associated to the transfer of an energy 2eV into the resonator
modes. We have measured simultaneously the Cooper pair current and the photon
emission rate at the resonance frequency of the resonator. Our results show two
regimes, in which each tunneling Cooper pair emits either one or two photons
into the resonator. The spectral properties of the emitted radiation are
accounted for by an extension to DCB theory.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures + 3 pages, 1 figure supplementary materia
First Simulation Results for the Photon in a Non-Commutative Space
We present preliminary simulation results for QED in a non-commutative 4d
space-time, which is discretized to a fuzzy lattice. Its numerical treatment
becomes feasible after its mapping onto a dimensionally reduced twisted
Eguchi-Kawai matrix model. In this formulation we investigate the Wilson loops
and in particular the Creutz ratios. This is an ongoing project which aims at
non-perturbative predictions for the photon, which can be confronted with
phenomenology in order to verify the possible existence of non-commutativity in
nature.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, talk presented by J. Volkholz at
Lattice2004(theory
Hypofractionated image-guided breath-hold SABR (Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy) of liver metastases - clinical results
Purpose: Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) is a non-invasive therapy option for inoperable liver oligometastases. Outcome and toxicity were retrospectively evaluated in a single-institution patient cohort who had undergone ultrasound-guided breath-hold SABR. Patients and methods: 19 patients with liver metastases of various primary tumors consecutively treated with SABR (image-guidance with stereotactic ultrasound in combination with computer-controlled breath-hold) were analysed regarding overall-survival (OS), progression-free-survival (PFS), progression pattern, local control (LC), acute and late toxicity. Results: PTV (planning target volume)-size was 108 +/- 109cm(3) (median 67.4 cm(3)). BED2 (Biologically effective dose in 2 Gy fraction) was 83.3 +/- 26.2 Gy (median 78 Gy). Median follow-up and median OS were 12 months. Actuarial 2-year-OS-rate was 31%. Median PFS was 4 months, actuarial 1-year-PFS-rate was 20%. Site of first progression was predominantly distant. Regression of irradiated lesions was observed in 84% (median time to detection of regression was 2 months). Actuarial 6-month-LC-rate was 92%, 1- and 2-years-LC-rate 57%, respectively. BED2 influenced LC. When a cut-off of BED2 = 78 Gy was used, the higher BED2 values resulted in improved local control with a statistical trend to significance (p = 0.0999). Larger PTV-sizes, inversely correlated with applied dose, resulted in lower local control, also with a trend to significance (p-value = 0.08) when a volume cut-off of 67 cm(3) was used. No local relapse was observed at PTV-sizes < 67 cm(3) and BED2 > 78 Gy. No acute clinical toxicity > degrees 2 was observed. Late toxicity was also <= degrees 2 with the exception of one gastrointestinal bleeding-episode 1 year post-SABR. A statistically significant elevation in the acute phase was observed for alkaline-phosphatase; in the chronic phase for alkaline-phosphatase, bilirubine, cholinesterase and C-reactive protein. Conclusions: A trend to statistically significant correlation of local progression was observed for BED2 and PTV-size. Dose-levels BED2 > 78 Gy cannot be reached in large lesions constituting a significant fraction of this series. Image-guided SABR (igSABR) is therefore an effective non-invasive treatment modality with low toxicity in patients with small inoperable liver metastases
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