26 research outputs found
Analysis of a diffusive effective mass model for nanowires
We propose in this paper to derive and analyze a self-consistent model
describing the diffusive transport in a nanowire. From a physical point of
view, it describes the electron transport in an ultra-scaled confined
structure, taking in account the interactions of charged particles with
phonons. The transport direction is assumed to be large compared to the wire
section and is described by a drift-diffusion equation including effective
quantities computed from a Bloch problem in the crystal lattice. The
electrostatic potential solves a Poisson equation where the particle density
couples on each energy band a two dimensional confinement density with the
monodimensional transport density given by the Boltzmann statistics. On the one
hand, we study the derivation of this Nanowire Drift-Diffusion Poisson model
from a kinetic level description. On the other hand, we present an existence
result for this model in a bounded domain
Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water Was Associated with Diarrheal Pathogen Carriage among Children Younger than 5 Years in Three Peruvian Rural Communities.
Drinking water contamination is a frequent problem in developing countries and could be associated with bacterial pathogen carriage in feces. We evaluated the association between the risk of drinking water and bacterial carrier status in children younger than 5 years in a cross-sectional study conducted in 199 households from three Peruvian rural communities. Fecal samples from children were screened for pathogenic Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and Vibrio species, as well as for Enterobacteriaceae, including pathogenic Escherichia coli. The drinking water risk was determined using E. coli as an indicator of contamination. Nineteen (9.5%) children were colonized with pathogens and classified as carriers, all without diarrhea symptoms. Of 199 drinking water samples, 38 (19.1%) were classified as very high risk because of high fecal contamination (> 100 E. coli/100 mL). Shared-use water sources, daily washing of containers, and washing using only water were associated with higher prevalence of bacterial carriage, whereas there was no association between households reporting boiling and chlorination of water and carrier status. The prevalence of carriage in children exposed to very high-risk water was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.21-6.59) times the prevalence of those who consumed less contaminated water, adjusted by the water source and daily washing. Our results suggest that household drinking water plays an important role in the generation of carriers with diarrheal pathogens. Our findings also highlight the importance of interventions to ensure the safety of drinking water. Further studies are needed to validate the observed association and determine its significance with respect to diarrhea in the community
Optimal operation of cryogenic calorimeters through deep reinforcement learning
Cryogenic phonon detectors with transition-edge sensors achieve the best
sensitivity to light dark matter-nucleus scattering in current direct detection
dark matter searches. In such devices, the temperature of the thermometer and
the bias current in its readout circuit need careful optimization to achieve
optimal detector performance. This task is not trivial and is typically done
manually by an expert. In our work, we automated the procedure with
reinforcement learning in two settings. First, we trained on a simulation of
the response of three CRESST detectors used as a virtual reinforcement learning
environment. Second, we trained live on the same detectors operated in the
CRESST underground setup. In both cases, we were able to optimize a standard
detector as fast and with comparable results as human experts. Our method
enables the tuning of large-scale cryogenic detector setups with minimal manual
interventions.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, 2 table
Cochlear Implant Recipients: Device Selection Preferences and Experiences
Cochlear implants can provide benefit for many deaf and hard of hearing individuals. When candidacy for implantation is determined, recipients are often responsible for selecting the manufacturer of their own cochlear implant. Recipients may, however, encounter various challenges in the selection process, due to the complexity of information and lack of standardization for patient education. This study explored the experiences of cochlear implant recipients with the selection process, including influential factors in their selection, their commitment to the implant, and their post-implantation perceptions. Eighty recipients who had received their implant within the last 12 months completed an online survey. Results of the survey revealed that a wide range of factors influenced selection, that most recipients chose a device without direct recommendations from their audiologist, and that many would have preferred to receive advice from their cochlear implant center in the selection of the device manufacturer
Level Set Method Based General Topography Simulator and its Applications in Interconnect Processes Christian Doppler Laboratory for TCAD in Microelectronics at the Institute for Microelectronics
Abstract- The application of level set and fast marching methods to the fast simulation of surface topography especially in three dimensions for semiconductor processes is presented. Our general purpose topography simulator is based on these methods and has been implemented using many techniques for increasing of its speed