12 research outputs found
Synthesis of benzimidazole-cyclohexanone derivatives
This work reports the synthesis and characterization of new benzimidazole-cyclohexanone derivatives 3a-d, 4a-d and 5a-d under different reaction conditions. The intermediates and final compounds were purified and their chemical structures were elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral data.Keywords: Benzimidazole, Cyclohexanone, NMR, Reaction intermediate
Sex-specific differences and how to handle them in early psoriatic arthritis
Objectives
The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is the same in men and women; however, the latter experience a higher burden of disease and are affected more frequently by polyarthritis. Here, we performed an early PsA cohort analysis to assess sex-related differences in demographics, disease characteristics, and evolution over 1âyear including applied treatment strategies.
Methods
Our study is embedded in the Dutch south-west Early Psoriatic Arthritis cohoRt. We described patient characteristics and treatment decisions. For the comparison across sexes and baseline and 1âyear follow-up, appropriate tests depending on the distribution were used.
Results
Two hundred seventy-three men and 294 women with no significant differences in age and ethnicity were included. Women reported significantly longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis and significantly higher tender joint count, a higher disease activity, higher levels of pain, and lower functional capacity. Although minimal disease activity (MDA) rates increased over time for both sexes, MDA remained significantly more prevalent among men at 1 year (58.1% vs 35.7%, pâ<â0.00).
Initially, treatment strategies were similar in both sexes with methotrexate being the most frequently used drug during the first year. Women received methotrexate for a shorter period [196 (93â364) vs 306 (157â365), pâ<â0.00] and therefore received a lower cumulative dose compared to men. Retention time was shorter for all DMARDs, and women had a delayed start on b-DMARDs.
Conclusion
After 1âyear of standard-of-care treatment, women did not surpass their baseline disadvantages. Despite the overall improvement, they still presented higher disease activity, higher levels of pain, and lower functional capacity score than men. The nature of these findings may advocate a need for sex specific adjustment of treatment strategies and evaluation in early PsA patients