The Takings Clause in Billboard Control

Communities desiring to reduce billboard clutter face a number of legal obstacles, particularly issues of free speech and takings. This Essay focuses on the latter— does the forced removal of billboards after a period of time, a process commonly called amortization, constitute a constitutional “taking” of the outdoor advertising company’s property? Are there other ways to achieve this objective? What legislative impediments have been placed in the path of communities that want to reduce the number of billboards along their streets and highways

Conodont biostratigraphy of the Crawford Group, Southern Uplands, Scotland

Extensive new conodont collections from the Crawford Group, the oldest succession in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, support the previously documented biostratigraphical ages for the included formations. The Raven Gill Formation is lower Whitlandian, Arenig (comparable in age to the Dounans Limestone in the Highland Border Complex) and the Kirkton Formation is latest Llandeilian-Aurelucian, Llanvirn to Caradoc in age. It is concluded that there is a significant stratigraphical gap within the Crawford Group. The restricted and probably fault-bounded nature of the Raven Gill outcrops suggests that these may represent olistoliths within a mélange of Llandeilian-Aurelucian age. The chert-bearing succession of the Northern Belt of the Southern Uplands thus represents the juxtaposed sedimentary records of two entirely separate basins – the oldest pre-dates the Grampian assembly of the Laurentian margin, and the younger, the Northern Belt Basin sensu stricto, entirely post-dates this event

Explicit soliton-black hole correspondence for static configurations

We construct an explicit map that transforms static, generalized sine-Gordon metrics to black hole type metrics. This, in particular, provides for a further description of the Cadoni correspondence (which extends the Gegenberg-Kunstatter correspondence) of soliton solutions and extremal black hole solutions in 2D dilaton gravity.Comment: Submitted to Phys Rev D, 7 pages, no figure

A limit on the angular size of Cyg XR-1

Balloon-borne X ray telescope data limiting angular size of source Cyg XR-

A solar wind deuterium detector and charge- spectrum analyzer

Solar wind deuterium detector and charge-spectrum analyzer for use in obtaining data on elements on surface of su