6,866 research outputs found
Building District-Level Capacity for the Sustainability of PBIS
Are you struggling with how to make PBIS work in your District? Are you frustrated and or concerned about staff buy-in? Are you worried that your staff will not know how to support the framework and deal with student misbehavior? Are you pondering on how you can overcome the barriers? Then this session is for you. There are several key factors that enhance PBIS sustainability in schools. Among the most critical identified include use of data, teaming and staff buy-in, administrator support, and the availability of ongoing resources. Administrator support is perceived as an important key feature because it serves as a âgatewayâ to the other critical components to sustaining PBIS. Durable, and adaptable school-wide PBIS in a school requires systemic support that extends beyond an individual school. It is important that a common vision, language, and experience are established. This approach allows districts and states to improve the efficiency of resource use, implementation efforts, and organizational management. An expanded infrastructure also enhances the district and state level support (e.g., policy, resources, competence) and provides a supportive context for implementation at the local level. Sustainability is the durable implementation of a practice at a level of fidelity that continues to produce valued outcomes. Consistency and fidelity seems to be the downfall of many new tasks and/or just simply the notion of change. During this session, participants will learn how to successfully implement PBIS and build District-level capacity for sustainability. The presenter will walk through the various stages of implementation, address challenges and barriers and provide resources and tools to get the job done!
Objective: 1. How to establish a leadership team and process that will guide district implementation 2. How to help the school or district understand the ten critical elements of PBIS 3. How to achieve and document implementation fidelity 4. How to maintain support, buy-in, and acknowledgement of practices and regular assessment 5. How to build family and community collaboration 6. Building Capacity of Instructional Staf
Shock Synthesis of Organic Molecules by Meteoroids in the Atmosphere of Titan
Thermochemical modeling and shock-tube experiments show that shocks applied
to N/CH gas mixtures can synthesize organic molecules. Sufficiently
large, hypersonic meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan
should therefore drive organic chemistry. To do so meteoroids must be
sufficiently large compared to the atmospheric mean free path at a given
altitude to generate shocks, and deposit enough energy per path length to
produce temperatures high enough to excite and dissociate the relevant
molecules. The Cassini spacecraft imaged multiple meteoroid impacts on Saturn's
rings, allowing for the first time an empirical estimate to be made of the flux
and size-frequency distributions of meteoroids in the millimeter-to-meter size
range. We combine these results with an atmospheric entry model and
thermochemical and experimental shock production efficiencies for N/CH
atmospheres and calculate the shock production rates for HCN, CH, and
CH as well as the resulting H generation. We find that meteoroids
may be producing these molecules at as much as 1% the production rate of
photochemistry driven by UV photons, and may be depositing more energy than
magnetospheric ions and 90-100 nm UV photons. Moreover, these meteoroids
produce these organic molecules hundreds of kilometers lower in Titan's
atmosphere than the relevant UV photons and magnetospheric ions penetrate, with
peak production occurring between 200 and 500 km altitudes, i.e., at the
observed haze layer. Meteoroid-driven shock generation of molecules may
therefore be crucial to understanding Titan's atmospheric chemistry.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Dynamical symmetry of isobaric analog 0+ states in medium mass nuclei
An algebraic sp(4) shell model is introduced to achieve a deeper
understanding and interpretation of the properties of pairing-governed 0+
states in medium mass atomic nuclei. The theory, which embodies the simplicity
of a dynamical symmetry approach to nuclear structure, is shown to reproduce
the excitation spectra and fine structure effects driven by proton-neutron
interactions and isovector pairing correlations across a broad range of nuclei.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Enhancing the acute psychological benefits of green exercise: An investigation of expectancy effects
Objective Exercising in the presence of a natural environment (termed green exercise) appears to provide addition benefits compared to indoor exercise. We assessed the impact of a green exercise promotional video on the acute psychological benefits of green-outdoor and indoor exercise. Design Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Two groups undertook green exercise (with one of these groups watching a green exercise promotional video). The other two groups undertook indoor exercise (with one of these groups watching the promotional video). The green-outdoor and indoor exercise conditions were created to replicate those of a previous study (Rogerson, Gladwell, Gallagher, & Barton, 2016b). The promotional video was designed to highlight benefits of green exercise and was used to manipulate expectations of acute green exercise. Method Participants (NâŻ=âŻ60) completed 15-min of moderate-intensity cycling, with self-esteem, vigour (dependent variables), and attitudes (manipulation check) assessed pre- and post-activity. Measures of physical activity and green exercise levels were also recorded at baseline. Results The findings suggest that green exercise elicits greater psychological benefits than indoor exercise, and those benefits can be increased via expectancy modification. In contrast, the same expectancy modification suppressed the psychological benefits of cycling indoors. Conclusions A promotional video can further enhance the affective response to green exercise. This may help to encourage future physical activity participation holding great promise for researchers, practitioners and policy makers
General pairing interactions and pair truncation approximations for fermions in a single-j shell
We investigate Hamiltonians with attractive interactions between pairs of
fermions coupled to angular momentum J. We show that pairs with spin J are
reasonable building blocks for the low-lying states. For systems with only a J
= Jmax pairing interaction, eigenvalues are found to be approximately integers
for a large array of states, in particular for those with total angular momenta
I le 2j. For I=0 eigenstates of four fermions in a single-j shell we show that
there is only one non-zero eigenvalue. We address these observations using the
nucleon pair approximation of the shell model and relate our results with a
number of currently interesting problems.Comment: a latex text file and 2 figures, to be publishe
Classification of states of single- fermions with -pairing interaction
In this paper we show that a system of three fermions is exactly solvable for
the case of a single- in the presence of an angular momentum- pairing
interaction. On the basis of the solutions for this system, we obtain new sum
rules for six- symbols. It is also found that the "non-integer" eigenvalues
of three fermions with angular momentum around the maximum appear as
"non-integer" eigenvalues of four fermions when is around (or larger than)
and the Hamiltonian contains only an interaction between pairs of
fermions coupled to spin . This pattern is also found in
five and six fermion systems. A boson system with spin exhibits a similar
pattern.Comment: to be published in Physical Review
Acceptability of HIV self-sampling kits (TINY vial) among people of black African ethnicity in the UK: a qualitative study
Background:
Increasing routine HIV testing among key populations is a public health imperative, so improving access to acceptable testing options for those in need is a priority. Despite increasing targeted distribution and uptake of HIV self-sampling kits (SSKs) among men who have sex with men in the UK, little is known about why targeted SSK interventions for black African users are not as wide-spread or well-used. This paper addresses this key gap, offering insight into why some groups may be less likely than others to adopt certain types of SSK interventions in particular contexts. These data were collected during the development phase of a larger study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of targeted distribution of SSKs to black African people.
Methods:
We undertook 6 focus groups with members of the public who self-identified as black African (nâ=â48), 6 groups with specialists providing HIV and social services to black African people (nâ=â53), and interviews with HIV specialist consultants and policy-makers (nâ=â9). Framework analysis was undertaken, using inductive and deductive analysis to develop and check themes.
Results:
We found three valuable components of targeted SSK interventions for this population: the use of settings and technologies that increase choice and autonomy; targeted offers of HIV testing that preserve privacy and do not exacerbate HIV stigma; and ensuring that the specific kit being used (in this case, the TINY vial) is perceived as simple and reliable.
Conclusions:
This unique and rigorous research offers insights into participantsâ views on SSK interventions, offering key considerations when targeting this population.. Given the plethora of HIV testing options, our work demonstrates that those commissioning and delivering SSK interventions will need to clarify (for users and providers) how each kit type and intervention design adds value. Most significantly, these findings demonstrate that without a strong locus of control over their own circumstances and personal information, black African people are less likely to feel that they can pursue an HIV test that is safe and secure. Thus, where profound social inequalities persist, so will inequalities in HIV testing uptake â by any means
Who will use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and why?: Understanding PrEP awareness and acceptability amongst men who have sex with men in the UK â a mixed methods study
Background:
Recent clinical trials suggest that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may reduce HIV transmission by up to 86% for men who have sex with men (MSM), whilst relatively high levels of PrEP acceptability have been reported to date. This study examines PrEP awareness amongst sub-groups of MSM communities and acceptability amongst MSM in a low prevalence region (Scotland, UK), using a mixed methods design.
Methods:
Quantitative surveys of n = 690 MSM recruited online via social and sociosexual media were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. In addition, n = 10 in-depth qualitative interviews with MSM were analysed thematically.
Results:
Under one third (29.7%) of MSM had heard of PrEP, with awareness related to living in large cities, degree level education, commercial gay scene use and reporting an HIV test in the last year. Just under half of participants (47.8%) were likely to use PrEP if it were available but there was no relationship between PrEP acceptability and previous PrEP awareness. Younger men (18â25 years) and those who report higher risk UAI were significantly more likely to say they would use PrEP. Qualitative data described specific PrEP scenarios, illustrating how risk, patterns of sexual practice and social relationships could affect motivation for and nature of PrEP use.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest substantial interest PrEP amongst MSM reporting HIV risk behaviours in Scotland. Given the Proud results, there is a strong case to investigate PrEP implementation within the UK. However, it appears that disparities in awareness have already emerged along traditional indicators of inequality. Our research identifies the need for comprehensive support when PrEP is introduced, including a key online component, to ensure equity of awareness across diverse MSM communities (e.g. by geography, education, gay scene use and HIV proximity), as well as to responding to the diverse informational and sexual health needs of all MSM communities
Local Density Approximation for proton-neutron pairing correlations. I. Formalism
In the present study we generalize the self-consistent
Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory formulated in the coordinate space to the
case which incorporates an arbitrary mixing between protons and neutrons in the
particle-hole (p-h) and particle-particle (p-p or pairing) channels. We define
the HFB density matrices, discuss their spin-isospin structure, and construct
the most general energy density functional that is quadratic in local
densities. The consequences of the local gauge invariance are discussed and the
particular case of the Skyrme energy density functional is studied. By varying
the total energy with respect to the density matrices the self-consistent
one-body HFB Hamiltonian is obtained and the structure of the resulting mean
fields is shown. The consequences of the time-reversal symmetry, charge
invariance, and proton-neutron symmetry are summarized. The complete list of
expressions required to calculate total energy is presented.Comment: 22 RevTeX page
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