Does electrification spur the fertility transition? evidence from Indonesia

We analyze various pathways through which access to electricity affects fertility in Indonesia, using a district difference-in-difference approach. The electrification rate increased by 65 % over the study period, and our results suggest that the subsequent effects on fertility account for about 18 % to 24 % of the overall decline in fertility. A key channel is increased exposure to television. Using in addition several waves of Demographic and Health Surveys, we find suggestive evidence that increased exposure to TV affects, in particular, fertility preferences and increases the effective use of contraception. Reduced child mortality seems to be another important pathway

Analisa Pengaruh Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Customer dalam Menggunakan Jasa Pengiriman Barang di Jne Pondok Kelapa

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pelayanan kepuasaan pelaggan di JNE Agen Trimitra, dengan menggunakan teknik Data Mining Algoritma C4.5. Metode C4.5 dapat membantu Perusahaan untuk mencari kelebihan dan kekurangan yang di berikan oleh Perusahaan kepada pelanggan, hal ini sangat berguna bagi Perusahaan untuk perencanaan kedepan bagi Perusahaan. Untuk itu setiap Perusahaan punya cara yang berbeda untuk melakukan penilaian atas tingkat kepuasan pelanggan. Dalam praktiknya, kegiatan penilaian atas tingkat kepuasan pelanggan harus dilakukan dengan metode yang baik dan tepat, sehingga tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam penilaian. Hasil penilaian yang dilakukan harus dapat dibuat sebenar-benarnya, sehingga pada gilirannya menumbuhkan loyalitas pelanggannya. Sistem pendukung keputusan merupakan alat bantu yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dengan cara memperbaki metode penilaian dari penentuan nilai harapan. Metode C4.5 di pilih untuk melakukan penilaian tingkat kepuasan pelanggan. Dari hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode ini dapat diimplementasikan untuk penilaian tingkat kepuasan pelanggan sebagai acuan Perusahaan untuk mengembangkan pelayanan di JNE Agen Trimitra

Patronage, district creation, and reform in Uganda

The effects of economic and political reforms on patronage in Africa remains unclear. In particular, there is much disagreement about whether structural adjustment programs and democratization have helped to make patronage less pervasive in African politics. Here, I examine the case study of Uganda, which has received much praise for its large-scale economic and political reforms since the late 1980s. However, at the same time, Uganda has also experienced a near-explosion in the number of districts (the highest level of local government), going from 39 to 80 in less than a decade. I examine a variety of potential reasons why these districts might have been created and argue, through the use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis, that district creation has functioned as a source of patronage. Specifically, I show that President Museveni_s government has created new districts as a means to compensate for other patronage resources lost through reforms and that new districts have helped him to continue to win elections. This paper thus constitutes the first rigorous demonstration that the creation of new sub-national political units can constitute a form of patronage and suggests that similar processes may be currently taking place across Afric