Evaluation of phonocardiographic data of astronauts during orbital flights

Simultaneous electrocardiographic and phonocardiographic data obtained from Gemini flight

The Proceedings of the Skylab Life Sciences Symposium, Volume 1

The three manned Skylab missions resulted in biomedical experiment data in the areas of neurophysiology, musculoskeletal physiology, biochemistry, hematology, cytology, cardiovascular and respiratory metabolic functions: as well as detailed test objectives involving crew health and environment procedures. Major emphasis was placed on results from the last mission, Skylab 4, which covered 84 days of in-flight data collection. Many new norms were defined for normal man living and operating in a unique environment. While man is quite adaptable to this unique environment, many of the changes observed in Skylab require additional research for future flights lasting very long periods of time such as a Mars mission requiring 18 months

Space Biology and Medicine

Volume IV is devoted to examining the medical and associated organizational measures used to maintain the health of space crews and to support their performance before, during, and after space flight. These measures, collectively known as the medical flight support system, are important contributors to the safety and success of space flight. The contributions of space hardware and the spacecraft environment to flight safety and mission success are covered in previous volumes of the Space Biology and Medicine series. In Volume IV, we address means of improving the reliability of people who are required to function in the unfamiliar environment of space flight as well as the importance of those who support the crew. Please note that the extensive collaboration between Russian and American teams for this volume of work resulted in a timeframe of publication longer than originally anticipated. Therefore, new research or insights may have emerged since the authors composed their chapters and references. This volume includes a list of authors' names and addresses should readers seek specifics on new information. At least three groups of factors act to perturb human physiological homeostasis during space flight. All have significant influence on health, psychological, and emotional status, tolerance, and work capacity. The first and most important of these factors is weightlessness, the most specific and radical change in the ambient environment; it causes a variety of functional and structural changes in human physiology. The second group of factors precludes the constraints associated with living in the sealed, confined environment of spacecraft. Although these factors are not unique to space flight, the limitations they entail in terms of an uncomfortable environment can diminish the well-being and performance of crewmembers in space. The third group of factors includes the occupational and social factors associated with the difficult, critical nature of the crewmembers' work: the risks involved in space flight, changes in circadian rhythms, and intragroup interactions. The physical and emotional stress and fatigue that develop under these conditions also can disturb human health and performance. In addition to these factors, the risk also exists that crewmembers will develop various illnesses during flight. The risk of illness is no less during space flight than on Earth, and may actually be greater for some classes of diseases

Мониторинг опасных геологических процессов на территории г. Томска

International audienceTo assess the accuracy and signal quality of axial length measurements by partial coherence laser interferometry (PCI) for optical biometry in eyes with conventional (SO) or heavy silicone oil (HSO) as endotamponade

Аудит промышленной безопасности предприятия

В данное время, когда фактически нет города, где бы не работали предприятия, особый смысл имеет промышленная безопасность. С каждым годом увеличивается количество опасных объектов. Исходя из этого, проблема с безопасностью возведена в ранг основных ценностей на государственном уровне. Часто в промышленно развитых странах установлен жесткий контроль лицензирования ОПО, строительства, эксплуатации и т.д. Безопасность сооружений в этих странах контролируется государственными органами. Промышленная безопасность опасных объектов - это определенная защита общества и страны от различных техногенных катастроф и аварий. Для того, чтобы обеспечить безопасность, проводится комплекс мероприятий, которые ориентированы, прежде всего, на обеспечение безопасности технических объектов. Все организации, которые эксплуатируют опасный производственный объект, должны временами производить вышесказанные мероприятия. Это указано в Федеральном законе «О промышленной безопасности опасных производственных объектов» Цель работы: проверка соответствия установленным требованиям ПБ, подготовка рекомендаций по устранению выявленных нарушений в УНДиПР МЧС России по Томской области.At the moment, when there is virtually no city, where enterprises would not work, industrial safety has a special meaning. Every year the number of dangerous objects increases. Proceeding from this, the security problem is elevated to the rank of basic values at the state level. Often in industrialized countries, strict control of GCO licensing, construction, operation, etc. is established. The safety of facilities in these countries is controlled by government agencies.Industrial safety of hazardous facilities is a certain protection of society and the country from various man-made disasters and accidents. In order to ensure safety, a set of measures is carried out, which are focused, first of all, on ensuring the safety of technical facilities. All organizations that operate a hazardous production facility must at times produce the aforesaid activities. This is indicated in the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" The purpose of the work: verification of compliance with the established requirements of the PB, the preparation of recommendations for the elimination of identified violations in the UNDiPR of EMERCOM of Russia for the Tomsk region

Advanced European Re-Entry System Based on Inflatable Heat Shields EFESTO project overview: system and mission design and technology roadmap

European Union H2020 EFESTO project is coordinated by DEIMOS Space with the end goals of improving the European TRL of Inflatable Heat Shields for re-entry vehicles from 3 to 4/5 and pave the way to In-Orbit Demonstration that can further raise the TRL to 6. This paper presents the project objectives and provides a general overview of the latest advancements, promoting the relevance of the EFESTO know-how in the frame of a European re-entry technology roadmap. The system, aerodynamic and mission design of two Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator use case scenarios, the AVUM VEGA stage recovery and a high-mass Mars exploration EDL mission, have been selected for deriving requirements and constraints to be injected in the EFESTO ground testing phase. The focus of this phase was on the aerothermal verification of the Flexible-Thermal Protection System in the DLR Arcjet facility and the analysis of the mechanical properties of the Inflatable Structure exploiting a manufactured 1:2 demonstrator, both representing key aspects of this peculiar and innovative technology

Advanced European Re-Entry System Based on Inflatable Heat Shields EFESTO project overview: preliminary IOD mission and system definition

The European Union H2020 EFESTO project is coordinated by DEIMOS Space with the end goals of improving the European TRL of Inflatable Heat Shields for re-entry vehicles from 3 to 4/5 and pave the way to an In-Orbit Demonstration (IOD) that can further raise the TRL to 6. This paper provides a synthesis of the EFESTO design and experimental achievements and sums up the Inflatable Heatshield IOD mission and system design which is the final step of the EFESTO project. First, the initial IOD design resulted from a dedicated concurrent engineering analysis is introduced. The session core consisted of trading-off on the system configuration options derived from the sequential design and testing campaigns, including the Inflatable Structure (IS) and Flexible Thermal Protection Systems (F-TPS) key subsystems, but also on additional aspects such as launcher and landing site selection. The driving rationale here corresponded to the maximization of the scientific return of the experiment while also taking into account feasibility considerations related to the current European Space Sector capabilities and market opportunities. The subsequent design phase focused instead on harmonizing and the mission and system definition and extending it with a preliminary assessment of the IOD system realization and mission implementation. This final output represents a unique contribution of the EFESTO project to the European know-how in inflatable heatshield technology and promotes the relevance of the EFESTO Consortium in the frame of a European re-entry technology roadmap

Optical Coherence Tomography in Parkinsonian Syndromes

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Parkinson's disease (PD) and the atypical parkinsonian syndromes multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are movement disorders associated with degeneration of the central nervous system. Degeneration of the retina has not been systematically compared in these diseases. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with manual segmentation to measure the peripapillar nerve fiber layer, the macular thickness, and the thickness of all retinal layers in foveal scans of 40 patients with PD, 19 with MSA, 10 with CBS, 15 with PSP, and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: The mean paramacular thickness and volume were reduced in PSP while the mean RNFL did not differ significantly between groups. In PSP patients, the complex of retinal ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer was reduced. In PD, the inner nuclear layer was thicker than in controls, MSA and PSP. Using the ratio between the outer nuclear layer and the outer plexiform layer with a cut-off at 3.1 and the additional constraint that the inner nuclear layer be under 46 µm, we were able to differentiate PSP from PD in our patient sample with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 70%. CONCLUSION: Different parkinsonian syndromes are associated with distinct changes in retinal morphology. These findings may serve to facilitate the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes and give insight into the degenerative processes of patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes