Brachial vein transposition with consecutive skin incisions in a hemodialysis patient with absence of adequate superficial veins: A case report

The creation of an arteriovenous fistula instead of a synthetic vascular graft is a smart decision in hemodialysis patients who do not have a suitable superficial vein. Basilic vein transposition (BVT) is a viable option in most cases, except in patients who do not have a proper basilic vein. In patients with inadequate superficial veins, another source of the autogenous vein is the brachial vein, a deep vein of the upper arm. Most surgeons choose a full medial arm incision to perform brachial vein exploration. We describe a patient in whom BVT was not possible and so brachial vein transposition using skip incisions was performed, with good results. Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Vascular Surgery This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Analysis and Evaluation of Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Promotion of Village Areas

ABSTRACT: Village development is a multi-dimensional process, the subject of which is improvement and promotion of the quality of fragile groups of people residing in villages. One of the aspects of village development which can have a comprehensive impact on the life of the villagers is the extension and spread of the concept of village tourism. Village tourism can, by penetration and influencing on all aspects of village life, promote life both in terms of social and cultural aspects. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and the collection of data has been done through library and documentation sources. The results found show that regarding the variety of the village surroundings in the country, and despite having problems and issues in common such as unemployment, immigration, low income, low productivity and etc., all villages in the country do not have the capacity of absorbing and bearing tourists who come from an outer societies, and based on the cultural biases, religious beliefs, level of development, rate of education and the urban-village relation, have given different responses to accepting the village tourism. On the other hand, the conditions of the natural environment, economic activities and facilities that they may offer for the development of tourism, might be different and the results show that tourism has had more positive impacts in the economic perspective, but in terms of social and cultural aspects, there have been some changes made along the way