Management of early menopause using traditional Persian medicine: A case report

Interruption of the activity of ovary before the age of forty is called premature ovarian failure (POF) in which ovaries lose their follicular and hormonal functions. A decline in the number of ovules before the age of menopause is a physiologic phenomenon. In the present case report, treatment of a patient by POF was reported using traditional Persian medicine principles. In Persian medicine, each humor has its own temperament. A change in the temperament and quality or quantity of these humors causes the disease and therefore modifying the temperament is the milestone of treatment. The patient was a 39-year-old married woman with irregular menstruation cycles and finally, cessation of menstruation. In this period, the patient had vaginal dryness, severe dyspareunia, gastritis, and parasomnia. At first, some instructions were ordered to change her lifestyle, for example, a change in food intakes, enough sleep, and exercise. In addition, several medications were ordered including the digestive system electuary (Majoun Jahaz Hazemeh), Eyaraj Fighara capsule and powder containing Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, Foeniculum vulgare and white sugar, oil massage of the abdomen and flanks, and cupping of the uterus. At the end of treatment, complete rehabilitation was achieved and menstruation irregularity, gastritis, and parasomnia were resolved. Based on the results, if a patient follows the rules and has a healthy lifestyle, inappropriate humor is unable to appear, the healing can be stable, and this disease or similar melancholic disorders fail to occur. © 2019 The Author(s)

Determination of Risk Factors Affecting Survival of Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Hamadan, Iran

Background: Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate affected by risk factors in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: We performed this retrospective cohort study on patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma during 2005-2012 in Hamadan, Iran. All patients with pathological diagnosis enrolled in the study. The effects of patients' demographical and pathological data were assessed in terms of survival. The univariate and multivariate Weibull models were used to determine the effects of these factors on survival rate. Data was analyzed by SPSS16 and STATA10 software. Results: A total of 112 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were followed. Patients included 74 ( 66.1) males. During the follow-up, 102 ( 91.1) patients died. Patients' had a mean ( SD) survival of 21.9 ( 1.9) months and a median survival of 15 months. The "one-, three-and five-year survival rates were 62, 16 and 9 respectively. The results showed that metastasis, chemotherapy, tumor site and grade had statistically significant impacts on patient survival. Conclusion: A potentially important role for tumor grade, tumor site, metastasis, and pathologic stage of disease existed in terms of patient survival after surgery. The current research has indicated that neoadjuvant treatment increased survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. It is expected that the prognostic model based on the mentioned factors may assist individual risk stratification and help in the planning of potential forthcoming studies

Energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analysis of power generation cycle based on independent geothermal and solar energy

The increasing energy demand in industrial and operational units and corresponding concerns about the limited fossil resources as well as environmental pollutions urge the researchers to generate electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind, geothermal, solar, and biofuels. In the present work, the use of solar and geothermal energy in producing electricity is investigated. The proposed cycle is capable of producing power by using both solar and geothermal energy sources simultaneously or can be used separately to generate electricity. Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs), which benefit working fluids like refrigerants, have been employed. These cycles are able to produce electricity from low-temperature energy sources. The cycle is designed to employ two evaporators as high temperature and low temperature ones and, consequently, is equipped with two turbines as high and medium pressure ones. The governing equations of mass balance and first and second laws of thermodynamics were applied to each cycle component. A numerical code is written and solved by EES software. The performance of the proposed cycle was analyzed by energy and exergy viewpoints and the first and second law efficiencies were calculated. Therefore, the amount of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each component was defined. To evaluate the cost of the final product, which is electricity, exergoeconomic analysis, as an efficient tool, was carried out and the final cost of products was defined. Parametric study of the effect of different designing parameters, such as pinch point temperature difference and evaporator temperature on the energy and exergy performance and cost of the product was done. The obtained results showed that the best second law efficiency was related to high-pressure turbine, whereas the low-pressure turbine acquires the highest value of exergoeconimc factor. The average electricity production cost based on power generation in low- and high-pressure turbines was calculated as (0.102$/kwh)

Comparison Adenoidectomy and Adenotonsillectomy’ effect on Changes in Symptoms of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Abstract Background & aim: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common diagnosis in children which affects the lives of patients and their families. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of adenoidectomy with adenotonsillectomy surgery in symptom’s changes in chronic rhinosinusitis in children less than 14 years of age. Methods: In the present clinical trial, 60 patients less than 14 years of age with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis resistance to antibiotic were randomly divided into two identical groups. In one group, adenoidectomy, and on the other group, adenotonsillectomy was performed. Prior to surgery and one month after surgery, symptoms of rhinosinusitis were graded based on the visual analogue scale. After surgery the Waters X-ray was taken. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: In both groups, VAS changes in symptoms, headache, cough, postnasal discharge, bad breath, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction were significant before and after surgery (p.>0.5 ). Also the mean change in VAS before and after surgery in adenotonsillectomy adenoidectomy was significant (p.>0.5). In this study, reduction of clinical signs and symptoms of rhinosinusitis after adenoidectomy surgery was 100%, but the improvement of Waters X-ray findings was 53%. Reduction of signs and symptoms of rhinosinusitis after adenotonsillectomy surgery was 100%, but recovery process of waters radiographic of rhinosinusitis findings was 80%. Conclusion: Adenotonsillectomy and adenoidectomy surgery were effective in improving of the process of sign and symptoms and radiologic findings in children with chronic rhinosinusitis moreover adenotonsillectomy surgery was more effective in improving symptoms and waters radiological findings. Key words: Adenoidectomy, Adenotonsillectomy, Rhinosinusiti

Wandering the barren deserts of Iran: Illuminating high mobility of the Asiatic cheetah with sparse data

Mammalian species inhabiting arid landscapes exhibit various levels of mobility in order to cope with unpredictable spatiotemporal dispersion of resources. However, the space use and ranging behavior of many species in drylands is poorly understood, especially for large carnivores in Asia. Accommodating the long-distance movements of mammalian carnivores is a major challenge in conservation, particularly for threatened and highly mobile species. The Asiatic cheetah Acinonyx jubatus venaticus, a critically endangered subspecies found only in arid areas of Iran, exhibits high levels of mobility. In the absence of satellite collars, this paper outlines ranging patterns of the majority of the Asiatic cheetah's known population. A total of 17 independent cheetahs (11 males; 6 females) were detected with camera traps that were deployed on eight reserves between January 2011 and May 2016. The animals displayed extensive movements (up to 217 km between furthest known locations) and at least nine adult cheetahs were known to move between multiple reserves in central Iran. This mobility may follow a “nomadic” ranging pattern, a non-sedentary behavior with irregular timing and movement directions. The ranging behavior documented here must be considered when designing monitoring efforts to determine population and occupancy trends for this wide-ranging elusive carnivore. Although preliminary, our results show that improving protection beyond the current network of cheetah reserves, particularly along corridors, should be a top priority to safeguard the persistence of the Asiatic cheetah

Wandering the barren deserts of Iran: Illuminating high mobility of the Asiatic cheetah with sparse data

Mammalian species inhabiting arid landscapes exhibit various levels of mobility in order to cope with unpredictable spatiotemporal dispersion of resources. However, the space use and ranging behavior of many species in drylands is poorly understood, especially for large carnivores in Asia. Accommodating the long-distance movements of mammalian carnivores is a major challenge in conservation, particularly for threatened and highly mobile species. The Asiatic cheetah Acinonyx jubatus venaticus, a critically endangered subspecies found only in arid areas of Iran, exhibits high levels of mobility. In the absence of satellite collars, this paper outlines ranging patterns of the majority of the Asiatic cheetah's known population. A total of 17 independent cheetahs (11 males; 6 females) were detected with camera traps that were deployed on eight reserves between January 2011 and May 2016. The animals displayed extensive movements (up to 217 km between furthest known locations) and at least nine adult cheetahs were known to move between multiple reserves in central Iran. This mobility may follow a “nomadic” ranging pattern, a non-sedentary behavior with irregular timing and movement directions. The ranging behavior documented here must be considered when designing monitoring efforts to determine population and occupancy trends for this wide-ranging elusive carnivore. Although preliminary, our results show that improving protection beyond the current network of cheetah reserves, particularly along corridors, should be a top priority to safeguard the persistence of the Asiatic cheetah

Estimating the density of a small population of leopards Panthera pardus in central Iran using multi-session photographic‐sampling data

West Asian drylands host a number of threatened large carnivores, including the leopard (Panthera pardus) which is limited generally to areas with low primary productivity. While conservation efforts have focused on these areas for several decades, reliable population density estimates are missing for many of them. Spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) methodology is a widely accepted population density estimation tool to monitor populations of large carnivores and it incorporates animal movement in the statistical estimation process. We employed multi-session maximum-likelihood SECR modeling to estimate the density of a small population of leopard in a mountainous environment surrounded by deserts in central Iran. During 6724 camera trap nights, we detected 8 and 5 independent leopards in 2012 and 2016 sessions, respectively. The top-performing model produced density estimates of 1.6 (95% CI = 0.9–2.9) and 1.0 (95% CI = 0.6–1.6) independent leopards/100 km2 in 2012 and 2016, respectively. Both sex and season had substantial effects on spatial scale (σ), with larger movements recorded for males, and during winter. The estimates from our density estimation exercise represent some of the lowest densities across the leopard global range and strengthen the notion that arid habitats support low densities of the species. These small populations are vulnerable to demographic stochasticity, and monitoring temporal changes in their population density and composition is a critical tool in assisting conservation managers to better understand their population performance