Changes of Nutritional and Physical Quality Characteristics During Storage of Osmotic Pretreated Apple Before Hot Air Drying and Sensory Evaluation

The aim of this research was to increase the application of different osmotic dehydration solutions to decrease the drying time, and decrease the loss of quality after drying and during storage of apples. Sucrose and trehalose solutions with 20 and 50 Brix concentrations were applied. Drying experiments were performed at 50, 60 and 70C using a hot air dryer. Changes in color, water activity, vitamin C, dry matter, total phenol content and mechanical properties were determined with 3-month intervals. Trehalose pretreatments, especially with 50 Brix concentration, generally decreased the drying time. Trehalose pretreatment with 20 Brix had better effects on quality characteristics. Texture of the samples pretreated using 50 Brix sucrose and trehalose stayed more stable just after drying. Lowest change in puncture force was found in 50 Brix trehalose-treated samples even after 12 months. Samples pretreated using 20 Brix trehalose had the higher preference by the panelists. Practical ApplicationsApple drying is rather important because of large production capacity in the world. For reducing quality losses and the cost, osmotic pretreatments and then using cabin or tunnel dryers, which are based on hot air circulating, have been widely used. Usually sucrose, dextrin, glucose have been used for osmotic dehydration implementations to fruits like apple, kiwi and mango, until now. Sucrose implementation is the most successful for fruits and therefore it has widest usage in fruit processing. But there are many disadvantages of using sucrose like caramelization and changes in flavor and viscosity. Our previous research showed that trehalose has rather good effects to improve the quality of dried vegetables such as carrot and potato. The results of this research can also serve as a valuable resource to further researches for utilization of alternative osmotic materials such as trehalose similar to our research to decrease negative effects of drying process.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-105O544]This project was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (TOVAG-105O544)

Long term effects of tear gases on respiratory system: Analysis of 93 cases

Aim. This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects. Results. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were 8.4 ± 6.4 times, 5.6 ± 5.8 times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%, > 0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%, = 0.046 and 89.9% versus 109.6%, = 0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%, = 0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects. Conclusion. The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis

Effects of different drying techniques on some nutritional components of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum)

In this research, four drying techniques were applied for tomato (Lycopersicon escuientum) namely, hot air drying using tunnel type dryer, vacuum drying, freeze drying and sun drying and changes of food components of the vitamin C, lycopene, sodium (Na), and potassium (K) content were examined. As a result of drying applications, the initial moisture content of 94.73% of fresh tomato, dried tomato samples were found to range from 9.33% to 11.11%. Losses of nutritional contents of hot air dried samples increased with rising drying temperature. Loss of lycopene and Potassium content of vacuum dried samples at 75 °C were found lower compared to hot air dried samples at the same drying temperature. On the other hand increasing of drying time for vacuum drying increased loss of vitamin C. Vitamin C and lycopene content of sun dried samples were found higher compared to those of hot air dried and vacuum dried samples. Freeze drying method gave the best results in respect of all nutritional value criteria

Our experience of 200 patients: Usage and maintenance of long-term oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation devices at home [conferenceObject]

WOS: 000209370401808

Effect of Different Pretreatments and Vacuum Drying Method on Drying Characteristics and Quality Criteria of Tomato

Bu çalışmada, farklı önişlemlerin ve iki farklı sıcaklık derecesinde, vakum altında kurutmanın dilimlenmiş domatesin kurutma karakteristiklerine ve bazı kalite kriterlerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Tüm kurutma yöntemlerinde önişlem uygulaması olarak domatesler önce bütün halde %2 etil oleat + %4 potasyum karbonat karışımına daldırılmış, daha sonra dilimlenen domatesler iki gruba ayrılmış, bir grup %1 sitrik asit + %1 askorbik asit karışımına, diğer grup ise %2 sodyum metabisülfit çözeltisine daldırılmıştır. Kurutma 10 kPa vakum basınç altında, 65 °C ve 75 °C sıcaklık şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Kalite kriterleri olarak, önişlemlerin ve farklı kurutma sıcaklıklarının renk, kuru madde, indirgen şeker, toplam şeker, pH, titrasyon asitliği, askorbik asit, likopen, sodyum ve potasyum içeriğine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak önişlem uygulamalarının kuruma sürelerini kısalttığı saptanmıştır. Önişlem uygulamaları tüm renk kriterleri üzerine olumlu etkiler meydana getirmiştir. Önişlem uygulamalarıyla kurutulan domateslerin şeker içerikleri, önişlemsiz kurutulanlarınkine göre daha düşük düzeyde kalmıştır. Sitrik+askorbik asit uygulaması pH değerlerinde düşme meydana getirmiş, aynı uygulama titrasyon asitliği değerlerini yükseltmiştir. Kurutulmuş domateslerde, artan kuru madde içeriği ile birlikte sodyum, potasyum ve likopen miktarlarında artışlar olmuştur. Tüm uygulamalarda domateslerin askorbik asit değerleri düşmüştür.In this study, the effects of different pretreatments and two drying temperature on the vacuum drying characteristics of tomato were investigated. As pretreatments, whole tomatoes were firstly dipped into the mixture of 2% ethyl oleate + 4% potassium carbonate, and then these tomatoes were sliced and separated as two groups. One group was dipped into the mixture of 1% citric acid + 1% ascorbic acid, other group was dipped into the 2% sodium metabisulphite solution. Drying experiments were carried out at vacuum chamber pressure of 10 kPa and drying temperature of 65 °C ve 75 °C. Effects of pretreatments and different drying temperatures on color, dry matter, reducing sugar, total sugar, pH, ascorbic acid, lycopene, sodium and potassium content were determined as quality criteria. As a result, it was determined that pretreatments decreased the drying time. Pretreatments created positive impacts on all the color criteria. Sugar contents of pretreated tomatoes before drying were found to be lower than those notreated tomatoes. Citric+ascorbic acid application caused a fall in pH value while same application increased the titration acid values. Dry matter contents, amounts of potassium, sodium and lycopene amoun of dried tomatoes were detemined higher than those of fresh samples. Ascorbic acid values of dried tomatoes decreased after all applications

Effects of losartan on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and erythrocytosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic hypertension

WOS: 000168891200003Objective: To evaluate the effects of losartan on blood pressure, erythrocytosis and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) in patients with erythrocytosis and hypertensive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design: Prospective, nonrandomised, two-period study. Patients and Participants: 24 patients were recruited, of whom 20 (17 men) completed the trial. The mean age was 55 +/- 8 years (range 40 to 65 years). Erythrocytosis was defined as a persistent elevation of the haematocrit to greater than or equal to 47% in females and greater than or equal to 50% in males. Patients were less than or equal to 65 years of age and hypertensive according to the WHO criteria. Patients who had hepatic and/or renal dysfunction, acute exacerbation of primary disease, were taking systemic corticosteroids, had any other systemic disease, or showed intolerance during the washout period were excluded. Methods: An initial 2-month period on, a standard regimen with nasal oxygen (2 L/min, 18 h/day) and bronchodilators (inhaled salbutamol, oral theophylline, inhaled ipratropium bromide) was followed by a second 2-month period during which losartan was administered as an antihypertensive agent in addition to standard therapy. Routine biochemical and haematological monitoring was carried out. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP respectively) were measured. ECG and arterial blood gas analyses were also performed for all patients at the beginning of the study, and all of these clinical and laboratory investigations were performed at 15-day intervals during the study. Plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone and erythropoietin levels were measured both at the beginning and at the end of each 2-month period. Results: No statistically significant changes were found in the measured parameters at the end of the 2-month standard treatment period. Fatigue and dizziness were reported by four of the patients during the first week of losartan treatment. Both SEP and DBP decreased by 10mm Hg with losartan treatment (p = 0.0003 and 0.0002, respectively). Haematocrit decreased from 53 +/- 3% to 48 +/- 4% (p = 0.0001). The mean arterial blood gas tension of CO2 (pCO(2)) was 54 +/- 11mm Hg and decreased to 48 +/- 4mm Hg (p = 0.01). Losartan treatment decreased serum aldosterone to 259 +/- 148 ng/dl from a mean baseline value of 156 +/- 140 ng/dl (p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant changes in pO(2) serum erythropoietin or plasma renin activity. Conclusion: Losartan controls blood pressure and reduces erythrocytosis in patients with hypertensive COPD, and is well tolerated. Although the mechanism of the effect of losartan on erythrocytosis requires further investigation, we propose that the RAS, in particular angiotensin II, has effects on the haemopoietic system and that blocking these effects decreases the haematocrit

Hiportiroidi olgularında antitiroid tedavinin akım-volüm eğrileri üzerindeki etkileri

Astım tanısı bulunmayan 20 hipertiroidi olgusunda anütiroid tedavinin akım-volüm eğrileri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek üzere prospektif bir çalışma düzenlendi. Antitiroid tedavinin başlangıcında ve üçüncü ayının sonunda hastaların tiroid hormonları (Total T3, Total T4 ve TSH), ultrasonografi ile tiroid bezi volümleri, boyun çevresi ölçümleri ve akım-volüm eğrileri değerlendirildi. Propilüourasil tedavisi ile tiroid bezi volümünde ve boyun çevresi ölçümünde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma görüldü (sırasıyla; p 0.001 ve p 0.001). Çalışmanın en önemli sonucu maksimal ekspirasyon ortası akım hızı (MMEFR) parametresinde üç aylık propiltiourasil tedavisi sonrası görülen düzelme idi. Vital kapasitenin %25'indeki ortalama ekspiratuar akım hızı (FEF_{25}) ve vital kapasitenin %75'indeki ortalama ekspiratuar akım hızı (FEF_{75}) parametrelerinde kaydedilen artışlar tüm ekspiratuar akım parametrelerindeki düzelme ile uyumluydu (sırasıyla; p 0.044 ve p 0.012). Sonuçta hipertiroidi tedavisi için propiltiourasil kullanan hastaların akım-volüm eğrilerinde en erken değişiklik ekspiratuar akım parametrelerindeki düzelme olarak bulundu.This prospective study was designed to evaluate the effects of hyperthyroidism on flow-volume loops in nonasthmatic 20 patients with hyperthyroidism. Thyroid related hormones (Total T3, Total T4 and TSH), thyroid gland volumes with ultrasonography, circumference of neck values and flow-volume loops were obtained at the beginning and after three months of antithyroid treatment. Propylthiouracil treatment was followed by a statistically significant decrease in thyroid gland volume and circumference of neck (p< 0.001 and p< 0.001, respectively). The most significant result was improvement of maximum midexptratory flow rate (MMEFR) after propylthiouracil therapy for three months (p 0.003). Increases in mean forced expiratory flow after 25% of FVC has been exhaled (FEF_{25}), mean forced expiratory flow after 75% of FVC has been exhaled (FEF_{75})values were found consistent with the puerall improuement in expiratory flow parameters (p 0.044, p 0.072 respectively) in conclusion, we speculated that improvement of expiratory flow parameters might be the earlier changes in flow volume loops of patients who were treated with propylthiouracil for hyperthyroidism

Long Term Effects of Tear Gases on Respiratory System: Analysis of 93 Cases

Aim. This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects. Results. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were 8.4±6.4 times, 5.6±5.8 times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%, P>0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%, P=0.046 and 89.9% versus 109.6%, P=0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%, P=0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects. Conclusion. The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis

Exercise capacity in sarcoidosis. Study of 29 patients

WOS: 000230200400002PubMed: 15899162BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Aims of this prospective study are to evaluate degree of impairment in pulmonary function tests (PFT), arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity and correlation of these parameters with radiological stages; to further evaluate the use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in assessment of extent of pulmonary disease; and to discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms of limitation in exercise capacity in patients with sarcoidosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 29 patients with sarcoidosis were grouped according to their radiological stages (stage I: group 1; stage II, group 2; stage III, group 3). Group 1, 2 and 3 included 11, 13 and 5 patients, respectively. PFT, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and ABG were performed for each patient. RESULTS: Evaluation of all patients showed a significant decrement in exercise capacity. Patients in stage III had decreased diffusing capacity and exercise capacity. There was limitation in exercise capacity in stage I patients who had completely normal spirometry and diffusing capacity. We also found a correlation between radiological stages of the disease and exercise capacity, diffusing capacity and ABG. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise capacity is impaired also in early stages of sarcoidosis and it was found to be the earliest impaired physiological parameter in sarcoid patients. Exercise intolerance, having mutifactorial basis, is correlated with radiological stages. Circulatory impairment and impaired heart rate response to exercise have effects on limitation in exercise capacity. Especially in advanced radiological stages of disease, ventilatory and gas exchange impairment also seems to be effective on limiting exercise in patients with sarcoidosis