9 research outputs found

    Economic Approach to Risk Analysis of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) in Dairy Milk Products Consumed in Nigeria

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    One of the UN SDGs is for sustainable food for all; thus the need for safety in milk consumption in Nigeria which is also consonant with the NAFDAC regulatory plan of safety of food in Nigeria. This research work examined the radioactivity content in milks (powdered and liquid) consumed in Nigeria using sodium iodide (7.6 cm × 7.6 cm NaI(Tl)) detector. The estimated total cost of health detriment of consumption of the investigated milk products shows that the children age group has the highest cost health detriment per-caput dose with an estimated total cost of health detriment of US 17.26million,followedbytheadultagegroupwithanestimatedcostimplicationofUS17.26 million, followed by the adult age group with an estimated cost implication of US 11.86 million, and infants with the least computed cost implication of US $10.192 million. The overall results show that the milks consumed in Nigeria are radiologically safe and may not constitute any direct radiological health burden to consumers of these milk brands. Optimization of radiation protection mechanism for cost-benefit analysis is recommended

    Gross \u3b1 and \u3b2 Activity Concentration and Estimation of Adults and Infants Dose intake in Surface and Ground Water of Ten Oil Fields Environment in Western Niger Delta of Nigeria

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    The oil and gas rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria is characterized by environmental degradation leading to environmental pollution from oil and gas activities. This study examined the gross \u3b1 and \u3b2 activity in thirty (river/stream, well and tap) water samples collected from ten oil fields in the Western Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The counting system employed in this analysis is the Gas-flow proportional counter {Eurisys Measure IN20 low- background multiple (eight) channel counter}. Gross alpha activity concentration range from 0.01\ub10.002 to 0.7\ub10.01 (0.15\ub10.003) Bql-1, 0.01\ub10.003 to 0.5\ub10.01 (0.1\ub10.003)Bql-1 and 0.02\ub10.001 to 35.1\ub11.1 (4.1\ub10.1) Bql-1 while beta activity concentration ranged from 1.1\ub10.04 to 13.2\ub10.1 (6.0\ub10.1) Bql-1, 0.7\ub10.1 to 54.7\ub11.3 (8.9\ub10.2)Bql-1 and 0.7\ub10.03 to 151.2\ub11.8 (40.1\ub10.9)Bql-1 for well, tap and river waters respectively. Correlation value between \u3b1 and \u3b2 activities in well, tap and river water is 0.025, 0.047 and 0.512 respectively. The results show that except for the alpha activity in the tap water samples, the average natural activity concentrations of \u3b1- and \u3b2-emitting radionuclides in the samples are slightly above the WHO recommended limit. For all samples the gross \u3b2 activities are higher than the corresponding gross \u3b1 activities. The mean effective equivalent dose intake per year due to alpha activity in the water samples for adults and infants are: 76.4\ub11.8 and 20.9\ub155\u3bcSvy-1, 54.6\ub11.3 and 14.9\ub10.4\u3bcSvy-1, and 2118\ub170 and 584\ub119.2\u3bcSvy-1 in well, tap, and river water samples respectively. The results obtained for dose intake are below the WHO recommended reference level of 0.1mSvy-1, except for the water sample from Uzere river. This study indicates that the water sources evaluated, especially the rivers, are contaminated radiologically. @JASE

    Radiological impact of oil and Gas Activities in selected oil fields in Production Land Area of Delta State, Nigeria

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    A study of the radiological impact of oil and gas exploration activities in the production land area of Delta State has been carried out in-situ using two synchronized and calibrated radiation meters (Digilert 50 and 100) and a geographical positioning system (GPS). Ten oil field facilities were studied. At each facility, nine sampling locations and their host communities were evaluated making a total of 100 study points. Measured exposure rate in the oil field facilities ranged from 0.011\ub10.003mRh-1 in Evwreni camp site to 0.031\ub10.01mRh-1 at the Otorogu gas plant. Mean field exposure rates/equivalent dose rates ranged from 0.016\ub10.006mRh-1(0.839\ub10.34mSvy-1) to 0.0213\ub10.008mRh-1(1.134\ub10.44mSvy-1). In the host communities the values ranged from 0.0115\ub10.003mRh-1 (0.612\ub10.16mSvy-1) in Evwreni community to 0.021\ub10.007mRh-1 (1.117\ub10.37mSvy-1) in Otujeremi town, while for the control study area the value obtained was 0.009\ub10.002mRh-1(0.479\ub10.11mSvy-1). The results show that the radiation levels for the Ughelli East, Kokori, Eriemu, Evwreni, Eriemu, Oweh, Olomoro-Oleh oil and gas fields are within the 1mSvy-1 maximum permissible limit recommended for the public and non-nuclear industrial environment, while the levels for the fields at Otorogu, Ughelli West, Afiesere and Uzere West and East and the host communities of Olomoro, Uzere and Emeragha exceeded the maximum recommended value, an indication that the oil fields and host communities environment have been impacted radiologically. However, these results obtained may not have immediate health hazard, but will pose some long-term health side effects on the staff working in the facilities and residents of the host communities. Interim proactive measures are recommended @JASE

    Radioactivity content surveillance on canned food products in Nigeria

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    The radionuclides surveillance on imported can food products in Nigeria market has been investigated using High purity Germanium detector. The radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb and 137Cs in selected brands of imported canned food products categorized into staple foodstuffs, beef and seafood were analyzed. The results obtained for staple foodstuffs shows a mean activity value of 12.33±3.68, 12.35±4.62, 51.48±15.12, 2.65±0.18 and 0.61±0.27 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb and 137Cs respectively, while in beef food products, it is 14.41±4.79, 14.12±4.83, 50.44±14.80, 1.11± 0.07 and 0.32±0.20 Bq kg-1 respectively, and for seafood products it is 17.95±5.71, 16.24±5.48, 61.65±18.07, 1.17±0.13 and ND Bq kg-1 respectively. The overall results indicate that the natural radioactivity in the three categories of canned foodstuffs examined are well below the UNSCEAR and other regulatory bodies recommended permissible limits. The presence of 137Cs in some samples potent some degree of heavy metal contamination of those foodstuffs. The computed dose to essential organs and tissues indicates a highest dose level of 0.2 mSvy-1 which is well within the 1mSvy-1 recommended permissible level of the public. The calculated collective effective dose equivalent revealed that 97,463,16 of the total population are exposed to radiation from ingestion of the canned foods with adults most impacted. The total health detriment indicates radiological risk ratio of 1:2238 for infants, 1:2583 for children and 1:4238 for adults. From the estimated costdetriment, it is obvious that the economic benefits which is directly proportional to cost of purchase and importation put at about nine billion US dollars annually derived from consuming these imported canned food products is far above the health detriment. &nbsp

    Assessment of excess lifetime cancer risk from gamma radiation levels in Effurun and Warri city of Delta state, Nigeria

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    AbstractA study of the terrestrial BIR levels to estimate the excess lifetime cancer risk in Warri city has been carried out, using a Digilert 100 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (GPS) for GIS mapping. Monitoring of the terrestrial BIR levels was carried out between May 2014 and June 2015, and the city was delineated into eight zones. The measured average exposure rates ranged from 0.006mRh−1 (0.51mSvy−1) to 0.029mRh−1 (2.49mSvy−1) with an overall mean value of 0.016±0.006mRh−1 (1.37±0.47mSvy−1). The estimated mean outdoor absorbed dose rate for each zone ranged from 121.90±25.32nGyh−1 in the Ajamogha zone to 190.16±51.60nGyh−1 in the industrial zone, with a mean value of 141.30±31.31nGyh−1. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) calculated was 0.17±0.04mSvy−1, while the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was (0.61±0.14)×10−3mSvy−1. The calculated dose to organs showed that the testes have the highest organ dose of 0.11mSvy−1, while the liver has the lowest organ dose of 0.06mSvy−1. The GIS maps of the study area revealed that exposure levels at 64 of the 94 sampling locations (68.1%) exceeded the world ambient standard levels of 0.013mRh−1 (1.0mSvy−1). recommended by UNSCEAR; these values are higher than the values reported in the literature. However, these values may not constitute any immediate health risk to the residents of Warri city. The calculated excess lifetime cancer risk values indicate that the chance of contracting cancer for residents of the study area is low and at the effective dose from the present exposure rate to the adult organs investigated is insignificant

    Gross α and β Activity Concentration and Estimation of Adults and Infants Dose intake in Surface and Ground Water of Ten Oil Fields Environment in Western Niger Delta of Nigeria

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    The oil and gas rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria is characterized by environmental degradation leading to environmental pollution from oil and gas activities. This study examined the gross α and β activity in thirty (river/stream, well and tap) water samples collected from ten oil fields in the Western Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The counting system employed in this analysis is the Gas-flow proportional counter {Eurisys Measure IN20 low- background multiple (eight) channel counter}. Gross alpha activity concentration range from 0.01±0.002 to 0.7±0.01 (0.15±0.003) Bql-1, 0.01±0.003 to 0.5±0.01 (0.1±0.003)Bql-1 and 0.02±0.001 to 35.1±1.1 (4.1±0.1) Bql-1 while beta activity concentration ranged from 1.1±0.04 to 13.2±0.1 (6.0±0.1) Bql-1, 0.7±0.1 to 54.7±1.3 (8.9±0.2)Bql-1 and 0.7±0.03 to 151.2±1.8 (40.1±0.9)Bql-1 for well, tap and river waters respectively. Correlation value between α and β activities in well, tap and river water is 0.025, 0.047 and 0.512 respectively. The results show that except for the alpha activity in the tap water samples, the average natural activity concentrations of α- and β-emitting radionuclides in the samples are slightly above the WHO recommended limit. For all samples the gross β activities are higher than the corresponding gross α activities. The mean effective equivalent dose intake per year due to alpha activity in the water samples for adults and infants are: 76.4±1.8 and 20.9±55μSvy-1, 54.6±1.3 and 14.9±0.4μSvy-1, and 2118±70 and 584±19.2μSvy-1 in well, tap, and river water samples respectively. The results obtained for dose intake are below the WHO recommended reference level of 0.1mSvy-1, except for the water sample from Uzere river. This study indicates that the water sources evaluated, especially the rivers, are contaminated radiologically. @JASE

    Radiological impact of oil and Gas Activities in selected oil fields in Production Land Area of Delta State, Nigeria

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    A study of the radiological impact of oil and gas exploration activities in the production land area of Delta State has been carried out in-situ using two synchronized and calibrated radiation meters (Digilert 50 and 100) and a geographical positioning system (GPS). Ten oil field facilities were studied. At each facility, nine sampling locations and their host communities were evaluated making a total of 100 study points. Measured exposure rate in the oil field facilities ranged from 0.011±0.003mRh-1 in Evwreni camp site to 0.031±0.01mRh-1 at the Otorogu gas plant. Mean field exposure rates/equivalent dose rates ranged from 0.016±0.006mRh-1(0.839±0.34mSvy-1) to 0.0213±0.008mRh-1(1.134±0.44mSvy-1). In the host communities the values ranged from 0.0115±0.003mRh-1 (0.612±0.16mSvy-1) in Evwreni community to 0.021±0.007mRh-1 (1.117±0.37mSvy-1) in Otujeremi town, while for the control study area the value obtained was 0.009±0.002mRh-1(0.479±0.11mSvy-1). The results show that the radiation levels for the Ughelli East, Kokori, Eriemu, Evwreni, Eriemu, Oweh, Olomoro-Oleh oil and gas fields are within the 1mSvy-1 maximum permissible limit recommended for the public and non-nuclear industrial environment, while the levels for the fields at Otorogu, Ughelli West, Afiesere and Uzere West and East and the host communities of Olomoro, Uzere and Emeragha exceeded the maximum recommended value, an indication that the oil fields and host communities environment have been impacted radiologically. However, these results obtained may not have immediate health hazard, but will pose some long-term health side effects on the staff working in the facilities and residents of the host communities. Interim proactive measures are recommended @JASE

    Radiological impact of oil and Gas Activities in selected oil fields in Production Land Area of Delta State, Nigeria

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    A study of the radiological impact of oil and gas exploration activities in the production land area of Delta State has been carried out in-situ using two synchronized and calibrated radiation meters (Digilert 50 and 100) and a geographical positioning system (GPS). Ten oil field facilities were studied. At each facility, nine sampling locations and their host communities were evaluated making a total of 100 study points. Measured exposure rate in the oil field facilities ranged from 0.011±0.003mRh-1 in Evwreni camp site to 0.031±0.01mRh-1 at the Otorogu gas plant. Mean field exposure rates/equivalent dose rates ranged from 0.016±0.006mRh-1(0.839±0.34mSvy-1) to 0.0213±0.008mRh-1(1.134±0.44mSvy-1). In the host communities the values ranged from 0.0115±0.003mRh-1 (0.612±0.16mSvy-1) in Evwreni community to 0.021±0.007mRh-1 (1.117±0.37mSvy-1) in Otujeremi town, while for the control study area the value obtained was 0.009±0.002mRh-1(0.479±0.11mSvy-1). The results show that the radiation levels for the Ughelli East, Kokori, Eriemu, Evwreni, Eriemu, Oweh, Olomoro-Oleh oil and gas fields are within the 1mSvy-1 maximum permissible limit recommended for the public and non-nuclear industrial environment, while the levels for the fields at Otorogu, Ughelli West, Afiesere and Uzere West and East and the host communities of Olomoro, Uzere and Emeragha exceeded the maximum recommended value, an indication that the oil fields and host communities environment have been impacted radiologically. However, these results obtained may not have immediate health hazard, but will pose some long-term health side effects on the staff working in the facilities and residents of the host communities. Interim proactive measures are recommended @JASE
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