Effect of abiotic factors on the stability of chosen oligopeptides isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana

Cyanobacterial blooms have a significant impact on water quality. Implementing appropriate treatment methods to remove cyanobacterial secondary metabolites requires assessing their stability. In contrast to cyanotoxins, the effect of abiotic factors on cyanopeptides has been poorly studied. The present study analysed the impact of pH, temperature, visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the stability of chosen oligopeptides found in a freshwater cyanobacterium Woronichinia naegeliana bloom that frequently appears in drinking water reservoirs worldwide. The tested cyanopeptolin 1081 (CYA-1081) and anabaenopeptin 899 (ANB-899) were relatively stable at room temperature for 12 weeks regardless of pH. However, boiling (100 $^{\circ}C$) for one hour affected the partial decomposition of the compounds in a pH-dependent manner; the highest decrease in the initial content of CYA-1081 to 47.0% was recorded at pH 9, while for ANB-899 to 42.4% at pH 3. The tested cyanopeptolin was resistant to visible radiation, but UV radiation in an acidic condition caused its degradation by 32.3%. Treatment of ANB-899 with visible or UV radiation for 3 h caused its partial decomposition with a maximum reduction of 40.4 and 70.8%, respectively, at acidic pH. The presented data provided information on factors affecting the cyanopeptides persistence and may be useful in the search for and development of effective methods of removing cyanobacterial metabolites

Mycosporine-like amino acids : potential health and beauty ingredients

Human skin is constantly exposed to damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which induces a number of acute and chronic disorders. To reduce the risk of UV-induced skin injury, people apply an additional external protection in the form of cosmetic products containing sunscreens. Nowadays, because of the use of some chemical filters raises a lot of controversies, research focuses on exploring novel, fully safe and highly efficient natural UV-absorbing compounds that could be used as active ingredients in sun care products. A promising alternative is the application of multifunctional mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which can effectively compete with commercially available filters. Here, we outline a complete characterization of these compounds and discuss their enormous biotechnological potential with special emphasis on their use as sunscreens, activators of cells proliferation, anti-cancer agents, anti-photoaging molecules, stimulators of skin renewal, and functional ingredients of UV-protective biomaterials

Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: Potential Health and Beauty Ingredients

Human skin is constantly exposed to damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which induces a number of acute and chronic disorders. To reduce the risk of UV-induced skin injury, people apply an additional external protection in the form of cosmetic products containing sunscreens. Nowadays, because of the use of some chemical filters raises a lot of controversies, research focuses on exploring novel, fully safe and highly efficient natural UV-absorbing compounds that could be used as active ingredients in sun care products. A promising alternative is the application of multifunctional mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which can effectively compete with commercially available filters. Here, we outline a complete characterization of these compounds and discuss their enormous biotechnological potential with special emphasis on their use as sunscreens, activators of cells proliferation, anti-cancer agents, anti-photoaging molecules, stimulators of skin renewal, and functional ingredients of UV-protective biomaterials

The kinetics of anatoxin-a concentration under conditions of impact Lemna trisulca L.

Anatoksyna-a jest jednym z najbardziej toksycznych wtórnych metabolitów produkowanych przez Anabaena flos-ague. Wykazuje ona potencjał do bioakumulacji i biomagnifikacji w tkankach organizmów roślinnych i zwierzęcych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych doświadczeń wyraźnie wskazują na bioakumulację anatoskyny–a w komórkach Lemna trisulca. Zaobserwowano, że fitoprzyswajalność wzrastała wraz ze stężeniem toksyny oraz z czasem inkubacji. Akumulacja ANTX-a w komórkach rośliny była największa dla stężenia początkowego 50 µg/ml i została osiągnięta po 14 dniach hodowli. L. trisulca zmagazynowała jej 43 µg/ml ± 0,5 µg/ml. Gromadzenie ANTX-a oraz jej metabolizm w tkankach roślinnych stanowi ważne zagadnienie w zakresie badań nad neurotoksynami. Obecność anatoksyny-a w roślinach przeznaczonych do spożycia może stwarzać bardzo poważne zagrożenia zdrowotne dla ich konsumentów.Anatoxin-a is one of the most toxic secondary metabolites produced by the Anabaena flos-ague. It demonstrates the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the tissues of plant and animal organisms. The results of these experiments clearly show the bioaccumulation of anatoxin-a in the Lemna trisulca cells. It was observed that bioaccumulation increased with the concentration of the toxin and with incubation time. Accumulation of ANTX-a in plant cells was greatest for the initial concentration of 50 μg/ml and was achieved after 14 days of incubation. L. trisulca accumulated 43 μg/ml ± 0.5 μg/ml of the toxin. The accumulation of ANTX-a and its metabolism in plants tissues is an important and issue in research on neurotoxins. The presence of anatoxin-a in edible plants can pose very serious health risks to their consumers

Metabolism of mycosporine-glutamicol in the lichen Cladonia arbuscula subsp. squarrosa under seasonal changes and elevated exposure to UV-B or PAR irradiation

Cladonia arbuscula in its environmental niches is regularly affected by daily and annual variations in solar radiation. Mycosporine-glutamicol, Myc-Glu(OH), which it synthesizes, may act as a significant cellular UV-protector. Therefore, we studied this compound concentration in lichen thalli concerning seasonal changes and increased exposure to UV-B and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with/without simultaneous $CO_{2}$ deprivation. Myc-Glu(OH) occurred year-round and exhibited a strong seasonality. The most crucial role in the control of its synthesis played UV-B radiation, although its high concentration was also found after PAR irradiation at 1000 mu mol $m^{-2} s^{-1}$. As PAR intensity increased to 2000 mu mol $m^{-2} s^{-1}$, the rate of Myc-Glu(OH) synthesis slowed down. In turn, under dark/PAR irradiation with simultaneous deprivation of $CO_{2}$ in the atmosphere surrounding C. arbuscula and during darkness with continuous access to atmospheric $CO_{2}$ , its production was insignificant. Obtained data confirmed that Myc-Glu(OH) plays an important role in protecting C. arbuscula from UV damage and favours its adaptation to environmental stress in its natural habitat. They also suggest that its synthesis is a synergism of multiple factors. Consequently, further studies should focus on their evaluation and the identification of a lichen partner actively involved in Myc-Glu(OH) biogenesis