Climate change adaptation and planning: An example from Kailua Beach, Oahu, Hawaii

The University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program (UHSG) in partnership with the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands (OCCL) is developing a beach and dune management plan for Kailua Beach on the eastern shoreline of Oahu. The objective of the plan is to develop a comprehensive beach management and land use development plan for Kailua Beach that reflects the state of scientific understanding of beach processes in Kailua Bay and abutting shoreline areas and is intended to provide long-term recommendations to adapting to climate change including potential coastal hazards such as sea level rise. The development of the plan has lead to wider recognition of the significance of projected sea level rise to the region and provides the rational behind some of the land use conservation strategies. The plan takes on a critical light given global predictions for continued, possibly accelerated, sea-level rise and the ongoing focus of intense development along the Hawaiian shoreline. Hawaii’s coastal resource managers are faced with the daunting prospect of managing the effects of erosion while simultaneously monitoring and regulating high-risk coastal development that often impacts the shoreline. The beach and dune preservation plan is the first step in a more comprehensive effort prepare for and adapt to sea level rise and ensure the preservation of the beach and dune ecosystem for the benefit of present and future generations. The Kailua Beach and Dune Management plan is intended to be the first in a series of regional plans in Hawaii to address climate change adaptation through land use planning. (PDF contains 3 pages

Social enterprises and local government: a scoping study

ACELG has released a new scoping study that explores the relationship between social enterprises and local governments. Entitled Social Enterprises and Local Government: A Scoping Study the paper outlines current knowledge about local governments in Australia and overseas working with social enterprises to achieve collaborative place-based solutions to current challenges facing communities. The research reviews relevant literature in Australia, the US, Canada, the UK and Europe, and finds that very few studies address the actual or potential relationship between local government and social enterprise. This and other conclusions from the research demonstrate that the social enterprise-local government interaction has great potential and needs to be explored more thoroughly. The report was prepared by Dr Robyn Eversole and Mary Duniam from the University of Tasmania’s Institute for Regional Development as an ACELG Partnership Research Scheme Project

Sea-level rise in Hawaii: Implications for future shoreline locations and Hawaii coastal management

Management of coastal development in Hawaii is based on the location of the certified shoreline, which is representative of the upper limit of marine inundation within the last several years. Though the certified shoreline location is significantly more variable than long-term erosion indicators, its migration will still follow the coastline's general trend. The long-term migration of Hawaii’s coasts will be significantly controlled by rising sea level. However, land use decisions adjacent to the shoreline and the shape and nature of the nearshore environment are also important controls to coastal migration. Though each of the islands has experienced local sea-level rise over the course of the last century, there are still locations across the islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, which show long- term accretion or anomalously high erosion rates relative to their regions. As a result, engineering rules of thumb such as the Brunn rule do not always predict coastal migration and beach profile equilibrium in Hawaii. With coastlines facing all points of the compass rose, anthropogenic alteration of the coasts, complex coastal environments such as coral reefs, and the limited capacity to predict coastal change, Hawaii will require a more robust suite of proactive coastal management policies to weather future changes to its coastline. Continuing to use the current certified shoreline, adopting more stringent coastal setback rules similar to Kauai County, adding realistic sea-level rise components for all types of coastal planning, and developing regional beach management plans are some of the recommended adaptation strategies for Hawaii. (PDF contains 4 pages

Characterizing e-cigarette Use among Virginia Middle and High School Youth Using Confiscated Products

Characterizing e-cigarette Use among Virginia Middle and High School Youth Using Confiscated Products Sohee Ha, Dept. of Psychology, Cindy Miranda, Dept. of Psychology, & Alisha Eversole, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, with Dr. Caroline O. Cobb, Dept. of Psychology Introduction: There has been heightened research interest on JUUL use among youth, but less information is available on the use of other electronic cigarette (e-cig) brands, like NJOY or Smok. Other than self-report, methods such as collection of confiscated e-cigs may provide an unbiased estimate of youth e-cig use behavior. This study aims to characterize e-cig use using confiscated products among middle and high school youth to inform prevention and intervention efforts. Methods: Confiscated e-cig products (N=62) were collected from Central Virginia public school districts during September 2019 - December 2019. Products were placed in a ziplock bag with a form completed by school personnel that included date, grade level, and possible side effects. Form details, product characteristics, and presence of tampering were recorded using a standardized instrument and double-data entry method. Data was analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics with SPSS V26. Results: E-cig device + liquid reservoir (i.e., a pod) comprised a majority of products confiscated (77.4%) followed by e-cig liquid only (17.7%) and e-cig device only (4.8%). The top two brands were NJOY Ace (40.3%) and JUUL (24.2%). Grades with the most confiscated products were 11th (30.6%), 8th (19.4%), and 9th (17.7%). Suspected tampering was present in about one-third of products. Middle school students (MSS; grades 6-8; n=15) preferred JUUL (n=8, 53%) while high school students (HSS; grades 9-12; n=39) preferred NJOY Ace (n=20, 51%). Blueberry and watermelon twist NJOY Ace flavors were common among HSS. Discussion: Pod mod brands other than JUUL were common among confiscated products. HSS appeared to prefer fruit flavored NJOY Ace pods, while MSS used JUUL (only available in tobacco/menthol flavor during data collection). HSS may prefer NJOY Ace due to available flavors, more mL per pod, and lower cost. Findings emphasize the need for greater restrictions and youth access controls for e-cigs. Current policies for age and pod mod flavors may not be sufficient to deter youth use.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1344/thumbnail.jp

Constitutively Active Galpha q and Galpha 13 Trigger Apoptosis through Different Pathways

We investigated the effect of expression of constitutively active Galpha mutants on cell survival. Transfection of constitutively active Galphaq and Galpha13 in two different cell lines caused condensation of genomic DNA and nuclear fragmentation. Endonuclease cleavage of genomic DNA was followed by labeling the DNA fragments and subsequent flow cytometric analysis. The observed cellular phenotype was identical to the phenotype displayed by cells undergoing apoptosis. To distinguish between the apoptosis-inducing ability of the two Galpha-subunits, the signaling pathways involved in this cellular function were investigated. Whereas Galpha q induced apoptosis via a protein kinaseC-dependent pathway, Galpha13 caused programmed cell death through a pathway involving the activation of the small G-protein Rho. Both of the pathways leading to apoptosis were blocked by overexpression of bcl-2. In contrast to other apoptosis-inducing systems, expression of constitutively active Galphaq and Galpha13 triggered apoptosis in high serum as well as in defined medium

Graphs of a real variable

Typescript.In Part I of this paper, I have dealt with only well-known properties of functions - treating them from the graphic standpoint entirely and referring the reader, to the best authorities I could find, for the Algebraic treatment. In Part II, I have referred to standard works for formulae, conditions, existence theorems etc., but I found it necessary to develop the Algebraic side in somewhat greater detail, because of the tact that the view-point adopted is slightly different from the ordinary one.Includes bibliographical reference

An examination of working memory in subtle and mild cognitive impairment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is abnormal cognitive decline that may be indicative of an insidious process such as dementia. Individuals with MCI are largely independent in their daily functioning but are at risk of further decline. To more deeply understand the working memory deficits associated with age-related cognitive decline, Lamar and colleagues developed a working memory task with no discontinuation rule: the Backwards Digit Task (BDT). Prior BDT research has demonstrated that individuals with mild cognitive impairment have lower overall scores on this task, and that different subtypes of MCI are more prone to certain errors. Research has not been done to examine if individuals with different MCI subtypes perform differently on individual trials. This current study examined the variability in any- and serial-order sequencing difficulty in the 5-span BDT trials across different levels of cognitive impairment (i.e., cognitively normal, subtle cognitive impairment, amnestic MCI, and mixed/dysexecutive MCI). Results indicated that the mixed/dysexecutive MCI group had significantly lower serial-order sequencing difficulty on all trials and lower any-order sequencing difficulty on trials 15 and 17. A positive effect of education was seen on trials 15, 20, and 21 when utilizing serial-order sequencing difficulty. Furthermore, more capture and transposition errors were made in the mixed/dysexecutive MCI group. These results highlight the diagnostic utility of process approach data collection in differentiating MCI subtypes. Additional implications for future clinical practice and research are discussed

Physiological and Subjective Effects of Protonated Nicotine Liquids in Tobacco Users

Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) produce an aerosol by heating a liquid that often contains nicotine. The nicotine can be protonated, potentially making the aerosol easier to inhale than freebase nicotine. This study’s purpose was to determine, in inhaled tobacco product users, the effects of three concentrations of protonated nicotine aerosolized at two different power settings (in watts). Twenty-two participants completed six sessions that varied by liquid nicotine concentration (10, 15, or 30 mg/ml protonated nicotine) and device power (15 or 30 W). Participants took 10 puffs from each product and then used each product for 60 minutes ad libitum. Plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, and subjective effects were measured. Findings from the present study suggest that liquid protonated nicotine concentration and device power setting influence ECIG nicotine delivery, user behavior, and subjective effects associated with use of ECIG devices containing protonated nicotine. For example, increases in one or more than one of these factors leads to increases in plasma nicotine concentration. This effect emphasizes the need to consider several factors in order to effectively regulate the nicotine delivery of ECIGs

Collins and the End of the Shepherd Pastoral

Survivals of Pastoral is available in KU ScholarWorks at http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6517

Middle School Mathematics Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Opportunities and Challenges

This study investigates the perspectives of opportunities and challenges of middle school mathematics’ teachers. To gain these perspectives, an ethnographic study was conducted by interviewing four middle school mathematics teachers in central Illinois. The results of this study imply that teachers of different backgrounds and teaching environments have varying perspectives about challenges and opportunities in the classroom. Limitations of this study include but are not limited to, the researcher having one year to conduct the research, only four teachers from two schools being interviewed, interviewees teaching different grade levels, no rural setting involvement, one educator having little teaching experience, teachers’ perceptions, and interviews taking place via telephone instead of face-to-face. The significance of this study for school personnel and researchers raises awareness of the importance of teachers being prepared to enter the classroom, educators receiving ample professional development to stay on top of changing standards, school districts receiving adequate funding to provide quality resources, and administrators and instructional coaches offering support and creating a positive, trusting environment. This study has revealed what resources and support the interviewed educators feel is valuable in their teaching success