High intensity x-ray diffraction in transmission mode employing an analog of Poisson's spot

Poisson’s spot is a diffraction phenomenon producing an intensity maximum at the center of the geometric shadow of circular opaque objects. In an analog of the Poisson spot experiment, we show that a tubular cone of x-rays incident upon a crystalline sample produces diffraction spots or foci, corresponding to Bragg maxima within a transmission shadow. We discuss the beam geometry and the intensity gain recorded at the foci in transmission mode. We describe the geometric growth and decay of the foci over a linear axis with the aid of a movie sequence synchronized with the plotting of a diffractogram. The mean signal of a small central area in each successive camera image provides the intensity data for the diffractogram

Effect of warm intravenous and irrigating fluids on body temperature during transurethral resection of the prostate gland

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transurethral resection of the prostate gland with irrigation fluid at room temperature leads to perioperative hypothermia which could give rise to adverse cardiovascular events in the perioperative period. The use of isothermic irrigation fluid reduces but does not eliminate this risk. Routine use of warm intravenous fluids along with isothermic irrigation had not been documented. This study set out to investigate the effect of the use of warm intravenous fluid together with isothermic irrigation fluid on the body temperature in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate gland.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One hundred and twenty consented patients with obstructing benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups. Group 1 received irrigation and intravenous fluids at room temperature, group 2 received warmed irrigation fluid at 38°C along with intravenous fluid at room temperature while group 3 patients received warmed irrigation fluid and warmed intravenous fluids at 38°C. Their perioperative body temperature changes were monitored, analyzed and compared.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean decrease in body temperature at the end of the procedure was significantly greater in group 1 (0.98 ± 0.56°C) than in group 2 (0.42 ± .21°C) (p < 0.001). Significantly more patients in group 1 also experienced shivering. However, in group 3, there was no significant change in the mean body temperature (p > 0.05) and none of them felt cold or shivered.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is concluded that the use of isothermic irrigation fluid together with warm intravenous fluids during TURP prevents the occurrence of perioperative hypothermia.</p> <p>Trial registration number</p> <p>CCT-NAPN-15944</p

A Contribution to the study of the Jassoidea (Homoptera)

Some ten years ago a study was begun of the jassoid fauna of Australia. Since then group after group has been dealt with in turn, and, at present, it is believed that the principal divisions have been defined, although only a fraction of the actual genera and species have been described

The Bythoscopidae of Australia (Homoptera, Jassoidea)

This paper is one of a series dealing with the Australian Jassoitiea. In each paper an attempt is being made to bring together all known Australian species that belong to the group under consideration