98,682 research outputs found
NICMOS Observations of Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
HST NICMOS observations of a sample of 24 luminous (LIGs: L_(IR) [8-1000
microns] = 10^(11.0-11.99) L_sun) and ultraluminous (ULIGs: L_(IR) > 10^(12.0)
L_sun) infrared galaxies are presented. The observations provide, for the first
time, high resolution HST imaging of the imbedded 1.1 - 2.2 micron nuclear
regions of these mergers. All but one of the ULIGs are observed to have at
least one compact (50-200 pc) nucleus, and more than half contain what appear
to be blue star clusters. The warm infrared galaxies (i.e., the transition
sources) are observed to have bright nuclei which account for most of the light
of the galaxy. This, combined with the tendency for the light of ULIGs to
become more centrally concentrated as a function of increasing wavelength,
implies that most of their energy is generated within a region 50-200 pc
across.Comment: LaTex, 6 pages with 1 postscript and 1 jpg figure, and 1 postscript
table, To appear in the proc. of the Ringberg workshop on "Ultraluminous
Galaxies: Monsters or Babies" (Ringberg castle, Sept. 1998), Ap&SS, in pres
Information Rich 3D Computer Modeling of Urban Environments
We are living in an increasingly information rich society. Geographical Information Systems now allow us to precisely tag information to specific features, objects and locations. The Internet is enabling much of this information to be accessed by a whole spectrum of users. At CASA we are attempting to push this technology towards a three-dimensional GIS, that works across the Internet and can represent significant chunks of a large city. We believe that the range of possible uses for such technology is diverse, although we feel that urban planning is an area that can benefit greatly. An opportunity to push this “planning technology” arose when CASA won a tender from Hackney Council to develop a dynamic website for community participation in the process of regenerating the Woodberry Down Estate. This is a run down part of northeast London that is undergoing a major redevelopment. CASA has developed a system that not only informs the local residents about the redevelopment process but it also enables them to use dynamic visualisations of the “before and after effects” of different plans, and then to discuss and vote on the variety of options
Corrections to the Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Egypt and the validation of two new species
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A review of the Yorkshire and Humber regional waste strategy
Managing waste has become a primary issue for regional planners. This article reports on the institutional process underpinning the region’s strategy and the stages in its production. It emphasises that there has been a watering down of the target for household waste production without appropriate explanation
Online participation: the Woodberry Down experiment
The internet and world wide web are generating radical changes in the way we are able tocommunicate. Our ability to engage communities and individuals in designing theirenvironment is also beginning to change as new digital media provide ways in whichindividuals and groups can interact with planners and politicians in exploring their future.This paper tells the story of how the residents of one of the most disadvantagedcommunities in Britain ? the Woodberry Down Estate in the London borough ofHackney ? have begun to use an online system which delivers everything from routineservices about their housing to ideas about options for their future. Woodberry Down isone of the biggest regeneration projects in Western Europe. It will take at least 10 years,probably much longer, to complete, at a cost of over ÂŁ150 million. Online participation isone of the many ways in which this community is being engaged but as we will show, itis beginning to act as a catalyst. The kinds of networks which are evolving aroundsystems like these will change the nature of participation itself, the ways we need to thinkabout it, and the ways we need to respond. Before the experiment is described, we set thecontext by describing the wide range of digital media for communicating plans andplanning which suggests a new typology for web participation consistent with this fastemerging network culture
The Logic & Limits of the Exceptional Circumstances Test in Magill and IMS Health
In this Article, we show that, in contrast to the Commission\u27s balancing approach in Microsoft, the ECJ\u27s narrow construction of the obligation to license IP under Article 82 of the EC Treaty is based on sound economics and constitutes appropriate public policy. The set of “exceptional circumstances” listed in Magill and IMS Health constitutes a reasonable implementation of the optimal legal standard for the assessment of refusals to licence IP: modified per se legality. In the IP context, an obligation to make property available is a requirement for compulsory licensing. The ECJ test limits compulsory licensing to those situations in which the prospective social benefits of licensing are large, while the negative effects of reducing the incentives to innovate are small. The ECJ test ensures that intervention is restricted to cases where the intervention is still likely to increase social welfare. The Commission\u27s test in Microsoft, being a balancing test, does not. As noted by Professor Gerardin, “balancing ex ante vs. ex post efficiencies is obviously a very difficult process, which even the most sophisticated economists may find daunting. The risk of mistaken decisions is therefore high.
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