Ceramic Analysis of the Blackduck Ware and its General Cultural Relationships

The present paper involves the ceramic analysis section of a more comprehensive study relating to the seven most extensively excavated Blackduck focus sites in Minnesota. The pottery from the sites analyzed falls into three ware categories: the Blackduck ware, the Laurel or Rainy River ware, and a third unidentified ware. The Blackduck ware, which is the one with which we are primarily concerned, has been generally described by Lloyd A. Wilford several times (1941, 1955). His description of the pottery may be taken as a general ware description, although there are several details that need clarification. The· ware may be broken down into ten tentative types. These will be discussed in detail. This paper deals only with the Blackduck material. A complete description of all ceramics of this focus may be found in Evans, 1961

Gabrielino/Tongva Bibliography

This bibliography brings together publications about the Gabrielino/Tongva Nation of Southern California. It includes books, periodical and newspaper articles, dissertations, and government documents, and covers the Nation’s rich history, from prehistoric times to the present. The bibliography is inspired by Mary La Lone’s Gabrielino Indians of Southern California: An Annotated Ethnohistoric Bibliography, and continues where she left off in 1976. Her bibliography contained 182 items, all of which are included in this volume as well as 374 items post 1976. One of the goals of the project was to acquire as many of the items for the Loyola Marymount University Library collection. Of the 556 items listed the Library has 476 items and the bibliography notes where items can be located if not at LMU. We believe the LMU Gabrielino/Tongva holdings are among the most comprehensive in Southern California. Funding for the project came from LMU and private parties. The items in this collection are listed alphabetically, and can be found in the collections of the Loyola Marymount University Library. Many of the items are housed in the Gabrielino/Tongva Collection in the Archives and Special Collections department (Collection Number 065). Many of the other items in the bibliography are located in the main stacks of the Library, and have call numbers listed after their citations. Each item in the bibliography is numbered in connection to its location in the Loyola Marymount collection. Items in Archives and Special Collections are stored in numerical order. In addition, there is a title index at the end of this bibliography that also lists the number of each item. This bibliography also contains a supplemental list of reading materials about the Gabrielino/Tongva Tribe. There were items Loyola Marymount was unable to obtain due to copyright issues, as well as many that are only available for viewing in government and public libraries. If you are interested in locating these items, their citations can be found in the supplemental list

Image-Force Barrier Lowering of Schottky Barriers in Two-Dimensional Materials as a Function of Metal Contact Angle

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are a promising solution for the miniaturization of electronic devices and for the exploration of novel physics. However, practical applications and demonstrations of physical phenomena are hindered by high Schottky barriers at the contacts to 2D semiconductors. While the process of image-force barrier lowering (IFBL) can considerably decrease the Schottky barrier, IFBL is not fully understood for the majority of prevalent contact geometries. We introduce a novel technique to determine the IFBL potential energy with application spanning far beyond that of any existing method. We do so by solving Poisson's equation with the boundary conditions of two metal surfaces separated by an angle Omega. We then prove that our result can also be obtained with the method of images provided a non-Euclidean, cone-manifold space is used. The resulting IFBL is used to calculate the expected contact resistance of the most prevalent geometric contacts. Finally, we investigate contact resistance and show how the stronger IFBL counteracts the effect of larger depletion width with increasing contact angle. We find that top contacts experience lower contact resistance than edge contacts. Remarkably, our results identify tunable parameters for reducing Schottky barriers and likewise contact resistance to edge-contacted 2D materials, enhancing potential applications.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Nanoscale Oxidation of Zirconium Surfaces: Kinetics and Mechanisms

We show that atomic force microscope-induced oxide features can be formed reproducibly on both Zr and ZrN surfaces, and that the growth rate decreases rapidly with increasing time. There is an increase in oxide-feature height with humidity for both systems, and an approximately linear dependence of the height of the structures on the applied voltage for all films for short exposure times. As the anodization time increases, only the thinnest (6 nm) films show a large enhancement in oxide-feature height, demonstrating the role of the film/substrate interface. Under the same conditions, the height of features grown on ZrN films is greater than for those grown on Zr films, indicating that nitrogen plays a role in the oxidation process. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society

Characterization of Zirconium Nitride Films Sputter Deposited with an Extensive Range of Nitrogen Flow Rates

ZrNx films are deposited by rf magnetron sputtering using a wide range of nitrogen flow rates to control film properties. Scanned probe microscope (SPM) oxidation is presented as a complimentary characterization tool to x-ray diffraction, colorimetric, and four point probe analyses. The SPM oxidation behavior of the ZrNx films is related to their structural, optical, and electrical properties. Whereas stoichiometric ZrN films have applications as protective and/or decorative coatings, ZrNx films sputtered with higher nitrogen flow rates have potential applications in devices where arrays of high aspect ratio nanostructures would be useful. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society

Modeling and Simulation of Coating Growth on Nanofibers

This work presents modeling and simulation results of a procedure to coat nanofibers and core-clad nanostructures with thin film materials using plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition. In the experimental effort that motivates the modeling, electrospun polymer nanofibers are coated with metallic materials under different operating conditions to observe changes in the coating morphology. The modeling effort focuses on linking simple models at the reactor, nanofiber, and atomic levels to form a comprehensive model. Numerical simulations that link the concentration field with the evolution of the coating free surface predict that as the Damkohler number is increased the coating morphology changes from a wavy to a nodular to a dendritic needle-type form as observed experimentally