2,881 research outputs found
Higher Education Reform and the Increased Cost of Post-Secondary Education in the U.S.: A Policy Review of Current Policy Plans and Policy Proposals
Within the last decade, there has been an ever-increasing attention on the need for higher education reform. Measures to mitigate the increased cost and different policy proposals have been introduced to increase the accountability and value. This paper examines current higher education polices and looks at some overarching ideas involved
A Historical Overview of the Challenges for African Americans K12 through College Education in America
The early American education system developed around the segregation of White and African American students. These differences in learning environment have led to inferior education for African Americans and can be linked to challenges still facing minorities in the current American education system
An Analysis of the Connection Between Workforce Development and Higher Education Within State Policy and the Sharing of Best Practices
Workforce development policy is a major cornerstone for many governments. The success can be linked to educational programs that support the training of the workforce. Sharing of best practices among higher education institutions supporting workforce development can help newer institutions and support regional workforce development goals
Topological mechanics of origami and kirigami
Origami and kirigami have emerged as potential tools for the design of
mechanical metamaterials whose properties such as curvature, Poisson ratio, and
existence of metastable states can be tuned using purely geometric criteria. A
major obstacle to exploiting this property is the scarcity of tools to identify
and program the flexibility of fold patterns. We exploit a recent connection
between spring networks and quantum topological states to design origami with
localized folding motions at boundaries and study them both experimentally and
theoretically. These folding motions exist due to an underlying topological
invariant rather than a local imbalance between constraints and degrees of
freedom. We give a simple example of a quasi-1D folding pattern that realizes
such topological states. We also demonstrate how to generalize these
topological design principles to two dimensions. A striking consequence is that
a domain wall between two topologically distinct, mechanically rigid structures
is deformable even when constraints locally match the degrees of freedom.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures + ~5 pages S
The Impact of Mental Illness Status on the Length of Jail Detention and the Legal Mechanism of Jail Release
Objective: This analysis investigated whether persons with serious mental
illnesses have longer jail detentions than other detainees and
whether they are released by different legal mechanisms. Methods: Jail
records and mental health service records from a Medicaid database
were matched for all admissions to the Philadelphia jail system in 2003.
Survival analysis techniques were used to compare length of jail stays of
persons with and without serious mental illnesses (N=24,290). Serious
mental illness was defined as a diagnosis either in the schizophrenia
spectrum (DSM-IV code 295.XX) or of a major affective disorder (DSMIV
code 296.XX) recorded in Medicaid records (2001–2003). Mechanisms
of release were also examined for those with release dates before
September 1, 2005 (N=20,573) Results: Just over 50% of the 1,457 persons
with serious mental illnesses were released from jail within 30 days
of incarceration, compared with 56% of the other detainees. Mental illness
status was not found to be a significant predictor of longer detentions.
Forty-nine percent of those with serious mental illnesses were released
from jails through unpredictable release mechanisms, such as
bail, release from court, or withdrawal of a bench warrant, whereas only
19% were released through mechanisms that had release dates that allowed
adequate time for discharge planning. Conclusions: The findings
suggest that reentry programs and other jail-based interventions for
persons with mental illnesses should ensure that they have the capacity
to rapidly identify and serve clients with shorter and more unpredictable
stays or risk not being responsive to the needs of a substantial
proportion of this population
A Nonlinear Super-Exponential Rational Model of Speculative Financial Bubbles
Keeping a basic tenet of economic theory, rational expectations, we model the
nonlinear positive feedback between agents in the stock market as an interplay
between nonlinearity and multiplicative noise. The derived hyperbolic
stochastic finite-time singularity formula transforms a Gaussian white noise
into a rich time series possessing all the stylized facts of empirical prices,
as well as accelerated speculative bubbles preceding crashes. We use the
formula to invert the two years of price history prior to the recent crash on
the Nasdaq (april 2000) and prior to the crash in the Hong Kong market
associated with the Asian crisis in early 1994. These complex price dynamics
are captured using only one exponent controlling the explosion, the variance
and mean of the underlying random walk. This offers a new and powerful
detection tool of speculative bubbles and herding behavior.Comment: Latex document of 24 pages including 5 eps figure
TEM Cell Testing of Cable Noise Reduction Techniques From 2 MHz to 200 MHz - Part 1
This paper presents empirical results of cable noise reduction techniques as demonstrated in a TEM cell operating with radiated fields from 2 - 200 MHz. It is the first part of a two-paper series. This first paper discusses cable types and shield connections. In the second paper, the effects of load and source resistances and chassis connections are examined. For each topic, well established theories are compared to data from a real-world physical system. Finally, recommendations for minimizing cable susceptibility (and thus cable emissions) are presented. There are numerous papers and textbooks that present theoretical analyses of cable noise reduction techniques. However, empirical data is often targeted to low frequencies (e.g. 100 MHz). Additionally, a comprehensive study showing the relative effects of various noise reduction techniques is needed. These include the use of dedicated return wires, twisted wiring, cable shielding, shield connections, changing load or source impedances, and implementing load- or source-to-chassis isolation. We have created an experimental setup that emulates a real-world electrical system, while still allowing us to independently vary a host of parameters. The goal of the experiment was to determine the relative effectiveness of various noise reduction techniques when the cable is in the presence of radiated emissions from 2 MHz to 200 MHz. The electronic system (Fig. 1) consisted of two Hammond shielded electrical enclosures, one containing the source resistance, and the other containing the load resistance. The boxes were mounted on a large aluminium plate acting as the chassis. Cables connecting the two boxes measured 81 cm in length and were attached to the boxes using standard D38999 military-style connectors. The test setup is shown in Fig. 2. Electromagnetic fields were created using an HP8657B signal generator, MiniCircuits ZHL-42W-SMA amplifier, and an EMCO 5103 TEM cell. Measurements were taken using an Agilent E4401B spectrum analyzer and HP1141a differential probes
TEM Cell Testing of Cable Noise Reduction Techniques from 2 MHz to 200 MHz -- Part 2
This paper presents empirical results of cable noise reduction techniques as demonstrated in a TEM cell operating with radiated fields from 2 - 200 MHz. It is the second part of a two-paper series. The first paper discussed cable types and shield connections. In this second paper, the effects of load and source resistances and chassis connections are examined. For each topic, well established theories are compared to data from a real-world physical system. Finally, recommendations for minimizing cable susceptibility (and thus cable emissions) are presented. There are numerous papers and textbooks that present theoretical analyses of cable noise reduction techniques. However, empirical data is often targeted to low frequencies (e.g. 100 MHz). Additionally, a comprehensive study showing the relative effects of various noise reduction techniques is needed. These include the use of dedicated return wires, twisted wiring, cable shielding, shield connections, changing load or source impedances, and implementing load- or source-to-chassis isolation. We have created an experimental setup that emulates a real-world electrical system, while still allowing us to independently vary a host of parameters. The goal of the experiment was to determine the relative effectiveness of various noise reduction techniques when the cable is in the presence of radiated emissions from 2 MHz to 200 MHz
Relationships between Clinician-Level Attributes and Fidelity-Consistent and Fidelity-Inconsistent Modifications to an Evidence-Based Psychotherapy
Background: Clinicians often modify evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) when delivering them in routine care settings. There has been little study of factors associated with or implications of modifications to EBP protocols. This paper differentiates between fidelity-consistent and fidelity-inconsistent modifications and it examines the potential influence of two clinician characteristics, training outcomes, and attitudes toward EBPs on fidelity-consistent and fidelity-inconsistent modifications of cognitive behavioral therapy in a sample of clinicians who had been trained to deliver these treatments for children or adults.
Methods: Survey and coded interview data collected 2 years after completion of training programs in cognitive behavioral therapy were used to examine associations between successful or unsuccessful completion of training, clinician attitudes, and modifications. Modifications endorsed by clinicians were categorized as fidelity-consistent or fidelity-inconsistent and entered as outcomes into separate regression models, with training success and attitudes entered as independent variables.
Results: Successful completion of a training program was associated with subsequent fidelity-inconsistent modifications but not fidelity-consistent modifications. Therapists who reported greater openness to using EBPs prior to training reported more fidelity-consistent modifications at follow-up, and those who reported greater willingness to adopt EBPs if they found them appealing were more likely to make fidelity-inconsistent modifications.
Conclusions: Implications of these findings for training, implementation, EBP sustainment, and future studies are discussed. Research on contextual and protocol-related factors that may impact decisions to modify EBPs will be an important future direction of study to complement to this research
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