Follicular cystitis in a dog: First case report described in Brazil

ABSTRACT A 2-year-old English bulldog presented history of recurrent lower urinary tract disease, refractory to treatment. The Complete Blood Count revealed lymphopenia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia, while urinalysis indicated leukocyturia and bacteriuria. On the abdominal ultrasound, the bladder had a focal wall thickening in its cranial portion, as well as irregular echogenicity and internal margins. A bladder surgical biopsy was performed, indicating the presence of follicular cystitis. Clinical signs disappeared after treatment with a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, NSAIDs, supplementation with cranberry extract associated with cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa). Clinical follow-up 12 months after surgery showed remission at all clinical signs. Follicular cystitis in dogs was reported only once worldwide, this case report is the first in Brazil; thus, it may be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with refractory and recurrent lower urinary tract disease

Antiophidic Solanidane Steroidal Alkaloids From Solanum Campaniforme

Three new solanidane alkaloids bearing a 22,23-epoxy ring (1-3) and four known compounds were isolated from leaves of Solanum campaniforme. The structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques, including 1Dand 2D NMR, and HRESIMS experiments. The antiophidic activity of the alkaloids was tested against Bothrops pauloensis venom. Compounds 1-3 completely inhibited myotoxicity without inhibiting phospholipase A 2 activity of the venom, while hemorrhage and skin necrosis were significantly reduced in the presence of alkaloids 1 and 2. © 2011 The American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy.741021682173Wink, M., (2003) Phytochemistry, 64, pp. 3-19Nino, J., Correa, Y.M., Mosquera, O.M., (2009) Pharm. Biol., 47, pp. 255-259Ikeda, T., Tsumagari, H., Honbu, T., Nohara, T., (2003) Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, pp. 1198-1201Kodoru, S., Grierson, D.S., Van De Venter, M., Afolayan, A.J., (2007) Pharm. Biol., 45, pp. 613-618Sun, L., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Yuan, H., Cheng, A., Lou, H., (2010) Toxicol. in Vitro, 24, pp. 1504-151Emmanuel, S., Ignacimuthu, S., Perumalsamy, R., Amalraj, T., (2006) Fitoterapia, 77, pp. 611-612Pandurangan, A., Khosa, R.L., Hemalatha, S., (2010) J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 12, pp. 691-695Fenner, R., Betti, A.H., Mentz, L.A., Rates, S.M.K., (2006) Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm., 42, pp. 369-394Harrison, R.A., Hargreaves, A., Wagstaff, S.C., Faragher, B., Lalloo, D.G., (2009) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 3, p. 569Mors, W.B., Nascimento, M.C., Pereira, B.M.R., Pereira, N.A., (2000) Phytochemistry, 55, pp. 627-642Correa-Netto, C., Teixeira-Araujo, R., Aguiar, A.S., Melgarejo, A.R., De-Simone, S.G., Soares, M.R., Foguel, D., Zingali, R.B., (2010) Toxicon, 55, pp. 1222-1235Gutiérrez, J.M., Rucavado, A., Chaves, F., Díaz, C., Escalante, T., (2009) Toxicon, 54, pp. 958-975Caron, E.J., Manock, S.R., Maudlin, J., Koleski, J., Theakston, R.D., Warrell, D.A., Smalligan, R.D., (2009) Toxicon, 54, pp. 779-83Cotrim, C.A., De Oliveira, S.C., Diz Filho, E.B., Fonseca, F.V., Baldissera, Jr.L., Antunes, E., Ximenes, R.M., Toyama, M.H., (2011) Chem. Biol. Interact., 15, pp. 9-16Lomonte, B., León, G., Angulo, Y., Rucavado, A., Núñez, V., (2009) Toxicon, 54, pp. 1012-1028Coelho, R.M., Souza, M.C., Giotto, M.H.S., (1998) Phytochemistry, 49, pp. 893-897Lawson, D.R., Green, T.P., Haynes, L.W., Miller, A.R., (1997) J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, pp. 4122-4126Chiesa, F.A.F., Moyna, P., Alcaloides Esteroidales (2004) Farmacognosia: Da Planta Ao Medicamento, pp. 869-883. , In, 5 th ed. Simões, C. M. O. Schenkel, E. P. Gosmann, G. Mello, J. C. P. Mentz, L. A. Petrovick, P. R. Ed.a da UFRGS: Porto AlegreDraper, R.W., Puar, M.S., Vater, E.J., McPhail, A.T., (1998) Steroids, 63, pp. 135-140Jiang, Z.H., Wang, J.R., Li, M., Liu, Z.Q., Chau, K.Y., Zhao, C., Liu, L., (2005) J. Nat. Prod., 68, pp. 397-399Daneluttea, A.P., Costantina, M.B., Delgadob, G.E., Braz-Filho, R., Kato, M.J., (2005) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 16, pp. 1425-1430Slimestad, R., Fossen, T., Verheul, M.J., (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, pp. 2436-2441Friedman, M., Lee, K.-R., Kim, H.-J., Lee, I.-S., Kozukue, N., (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, pp. 6162-6169Milner, S.E., Brunton, N.P., Jones, P.W., Brien, N.M.O., Collins, S.G., Maguire, A.R., (2011) J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, pp. 3454-3484Corrêa, L.C., Marchi-Salvador, D.P., Cintra, A.C.O., Sampaio, S.V., Soares, A.M., Fontes, M.R.M., (2008) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1784, pp. 591-599Cintra-Francischinelli, M., Pizzo, P., Angulo, Y., Gutiérrez, J.M., Montecucco, C., Lomonte, B., (2010) Toxicon, 55, pp. 590-596Montecucco, C., Ornella, R., Caccin, P., Rigoni, M., Carli, L., Morbiato, L., Muraro, L., Paoli, M., (2009) Toxicon, 54, pp. 561-564Fernandes, C.A., Marchi-Salvador, D.P., Salvador, G.M., Silva, M.C., Costa, T.R., Soares, A.M., Fontes, M.R., (2010) J. Struct. Biol., 171, pp. 31-43Silva, J.O., Fernandes, R.S., Ticli, F.K., Oliveira, C.Z., Mazzi, M.V., Franco, J.J., Giuliatti, S., Sampaio, S.V., (2007) Toxicon, 50, pp. 283-291Esmeraldino, L.E., Souza, A.M., Sampaio, S.V., (2005) Phytomedicine, 12, pp. 570-57

Alterações histopatológicas da glândula mamária e qualidade do leite de cabras naturalmente infectadas com o CAEV

Avaliou-se a influência do vírus da CAE nas características físico-químicas de amostras de leite de 54 cabras, sem predileção racial, distribuindo-as em dois grupos: cabras positivas e negativas para o teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose. As amostras de leite foram submetidas à análise ultrassônica para obtenção de parâmetros físico-químicos - gordura, extrato seco, proteínas, lactose e densidade; realização de microbiologia - bactérias mesófilas (UCF/mL). Foram coletadas amostras de tecido mamário para exame histopatológico e imunohistoquímica. Não houve diferença significativa das características avaliadas entre os dois grupos; no microbiológico, não houve relação direta da presença de mesófilas associada à infecção pelo CAEV. Na histopatologia, observaram-se áreas com infiltração celular de monócitos, polimorfonucleares, plasmócitos, fibrose, ausência de morfologia normal do parênquima mamário, denotando processo inflamatório crônico; e foi confirmada a presença do vírus na glândula pela imunohistoquímica. Os resultados não mostraram relação direta da incidência da CAE como fator negativo no desenvolvimento do rebanho

Anti-ophidian activity of Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. (Polygalaceae) root extract on the local effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom

Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom’s toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3′,4′-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2