Desenvolvimento e teste de tubo janelado para irrigação por sulcos

A new kind of gated pipe is presented. Detailled information on the description of the materials used, the associated costs, the construction procedures and its applications to field situation is given. The flow rate from each gate was found to vary from zero to 4 l/s, approximately, depending on the water head applied on each outlet. Some advantages of using this type of gated pipe to delivery water to a furrow irrigated area are discussed.  É apresentada uma nova modalidade de janela que permite a redução de vazão na irrigação por sulcos através de tubos janelados. São fornecidas informações a respeito da confecção, materiais usados, custos e manejo do tubo janelado. As janelas permitem derivar varões desde zero a 4 l/s no sulco de irrigação, dependendo da pressão atuante. São analisadas as vantagens desse tipo de irrigação em relação a outros meios de derivação de água

Proposta e seleção de uma função polinomial para a avaliação de sistemas de irrigação

O uso de modelos matemáticos facilita o cálculo dos parâmetros de uniformidade e eficiência de sistemas de irrigação e, por isso, sua utilização deve ser incentivada. Com este trabalho se propõe o uso de uma função polinomial na avaliação de sistemas de irrigação e desenvolver as relações matemáticas para o cálculo dos principais indicadores de desempenho, utilizando-se esta função. Para definir o modelo a ser proposto e verificar sua aplicabilidade, realizaram-se comparações entre os resultados obtidos com funções polinomiais de vários graus e o modelo Potencial Silva, utilizando-se dados de 91 casos de avaliação de desempenho de diversos sistemas de irrigação. A seleção do modelo polinomial mais adequado foi efetuada por meio da comparação de curvas ajustadas à distribuição das freqüências acumuladas da soma de quadrados dos erros, obtidos no ajuste dos modelos a cada conjunto de valores de água aplicada. Os resultados revelaram que a função polinomial do quinto grau é a recomendada para descrever perfis de distribuição da água aplicada por sistemas de irrigação e derivar expressões matemáticas para o cálculo dos indicadores de desempenho correspondentes

Use of Ketofol for procedural sedation and analgesia in children with hematological diseases

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous ketamine-propofol admixture (ketofol) in the same syringe for procedural sedation and analgesia in children undergoing bone marrow aspiration.Methods:This was a prospective, observational pilot study. Patients aged between 4 and 12 years requiring sedation for bone marrow aspiration were included. Ketofol (1 : 1 mixture of ketamine 10 mg/mL and propofol 10 mg/mL) was given intravenously in 0.5 mg/kg aliquots each with a 1-min interval and titrated to reach sedation levels of 3 or 4 (Ramsay score). the primary outcome was patient satisfaction with the degree of sedation. Secondary outcomes included injection pain, total sedation time, recovery time, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, and adverse events.Results:A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study. the median total dose of ketofol administered was 1.25 mg/kg each of propofol and ketamine (95%CI 0.77-2 mg/kg). the median score on the visual analog scale was 0 (extremely comfortable) (0-1.5; 95%CI 0.2-2.2). Median recovery time was 23 min (20.5-28 min; 95%CI 17.1-51.2). the incidence of injection pain was 2/20. Two patients had transient diplopia and one child reported dreams. No patients had hypotension, vomiting or required airway intervention.Conclusion:Ketofol provided effective sedation, which was reflected in the high degree of satisfaction recorded by children requiring procedural sedation and analgesia for bone marrow aspiration. We also observed rapid recovery and no clinically significant complications. A large number of patients is required to evaluate and validate these findings.Hosp Brigadeiro, Pediat Intens Care Unit, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Brigadeiro, Div Pediat Hematol, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Breaking Dormancy of "Tupy" Blackberry in Subtropical Conditions

Abstract In subtropical or tropical conditions, the insufficient winter chill accumulation is often a limiting factor to break the dormancy of temperate-climate species such as the blackberry, which requires using products to help break dormancy. This study evaluates the efficacy of compounds in breaking dormancy of blackberry and its consequent influence on phenology and crop yields. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2011/2012 production cycle. The plants used were two-year-old "Tupy" blackberry (Rubus spp.), with 0.6 × 4.0 m spacing (4.166 plants·ha −1 ). Pruning was performed in August, followed by the application of these treatments: control (water); hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex ® ); nitrogen fertilizer (Erger ® ) and mineral oil (Assist ® ). The concentrations of each compound used were: 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0%. The compounds used influenced the budding, flowering and fruit harvest stages, in addition to providing increased yields depending on the concentration used. For hydrogen cyanamide the recommended concentration is of 4.2% and 5.4% for nitrogen fertilizer; doses above these concentrations may cause phytotoxic effects. For mineral oil the dose recommended is of 8.0%

Influence of Parstatin on Experimental Periodontal Disease and Repair in Rats

Background: Parstatin is a 41-amino acid peptide, formed by proteolytic cleavage on activation of the protease activated receptor-1, with antiangiogenic properties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of synthetic parstatin on experimental periodontal disease and repair in rats.Methods: Ligature-induced periodontitis was established in rats and the influence of parstatin administration was assessed after 8 and 15 days for periodontal disease and 24 hours and 8 days after repair after ligature removal.Results: Parstatin administration significantly inhibited gingival myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 levels and led to suppression of macrophages and collagen degradation. At periodontal tissues under repair, parstatin increased the gingival levels of endostatin and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and blood vessel number but did not influence histologic healing. In addition, the tomographic linear bone loss was significantly reduced at 15 days of periodontitis when the rats were treated with parstatin compared to their respective phosphate-buffered saline-treated controls.Conclusions: Parstatin suppresses the periodontal tissue breakdown followed by experimental periodontitis in rats and did not impair periodontal tissue repair, despite its antiangiogenic effect. Parstatin may represent a novel approach to modulate host response in chronic periodontal disease.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP