9 research outputs found
An Alternative Time Metric to Modified Tau for Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid
A new horizontal time metric, Time to Protected Zone, is proposed for use in the Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems equipped by unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). This time metric has three advantages over the currently adopted time metric, modified tau: it corresponds to a physical event, it is linear with time, and it can be directly used to prioritize intruding aircraft. The protected zone defines an area around the UAS that can be a function of each intruding aircraft's surveillance measurement errors. Even with its advantages, the Time to Protected Zone depends explicitly on encounter geometry and may be more sensitive to surveillance sensor errors than modified tau. To quantify its sensitivity, simulation of 972 encounters using realistic sensor models and a proprietary fusion tracker is performed. Two sensitivity metrics, the probability of time reversal and the average absolute time error, are computed for both the Time to Protected Zone and modified tau. Results show that the sensitivity of the Time to Protected Zone is comparable to that of modified tau if the dimensions of the protected zone are adequately defined
Inhaled bronchodilator exposure in the management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in hospitalized infants
Photoreceptor Localization of the KIF3A and KIF3B Subunits of the Heterotrimeric Microtubule Motor Kinesin II in Vertebrate Retina
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NrCAM Is Expressed in the Mammalian Inner Ear and Modulates Spiral Ganglion Neurite Outgrowth in an In Vitro Alternate Choice Assay
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Modulates Type I But Not Type II Inner Ear Spiral Ganglion Neurite Outgrowth in an In Vitro Alternate Choice Assay
Deep Brain Stimulation and the Search for Identity
Ethical evaluation of deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is complicated by results that can be described as involving changes in the patient's identity. The risk of becoming another person following surgery is alarming for patients, caregivers and clinicians alike. It is one of the most urgent conceptual and ethical problems facing deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease at this time. In our paper we take issue with this problem on two accounts. First, we elucidate what is meant by becoming another person from a conceptual point of view. After critically discussing two broad approaches we concentrate on the notion of individual identity which centers on the idea of core attitudes. Subsequently we discuss several approaches to determine what distinguishes core attitudes from those that are more peripheral. We argue for a foundational-function model highlighting the importance of specific dependency relations between these attitudes. Our second aim is to comment on the possibility to empirically measure changes in individual identity and argue that many of the instruments now commonly used in selecting and monitoring DBS-patients are inappropriate for this purpose. Future research in this area is advised combining a conceptual and an empirical approach as a basis of sound ethical appraisal