Korean adolescents' perceptions of nutrition and health towards fast foods in Busan area

Adolescents in Busan area were asked in a survey about their perception and attitudes towards fast food. Most respondents answered that they consume fast food once a month because it is fast, easily accessible and tasty. Although they perceived fast food as unhealthy and less nutritious, they were less aware of its effect on their health and nutritional status. The more knowledgeable respondents were about nutrition and health the less likely they were to choose fast food over other meals. However, respondents who had little or no knowledge about the nutritional factors of fast food accounted for 43.1%. As to their source of dietary information, students relied on themselves (31.0%), parents (20.5%) and friends (19.9%). The medium through which students got the most nutrition and health information was television (66.8%), followed by the Internet (36.7%) and magazines (29.7%). This study will enable educators to plan more effective strategies for improving the dietary knowledge of the adolescent population

Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of Carbazole Containing Copolymers with Different Conjugated Structures for Polymer Light-Emitting Devices

New copolymers such as Poly(9-(4-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)carbazole-alt-aminonaphtalene) [P1] and Poly(4-(bis-methylbiphenyl-alt-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzenamine) [P2] with chromophores separated by non-conjugated methylene spacers, and Poly(4-(dioctylfluorene-alt-9H-carbazole-9yl)benzenamine) [P3] based on alternating fluorene and amine units in the polymer backbone were synthesized by palladium catalyzed polycondensation reaction. Optical properties of these polymers were characterized in terms of UV/visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission in solution and film state. Maximum PL emission (max,PL) of synthesized copolymers were observed in the blue region of 426nm-460nm in solution state, but the three polymers all showed large red shift in film state with the green emission. The electro-optical properties of these polymers in polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) devices were investigated from the viewpoint of utilizing the new polymers as emitting layer and hole injection/transport layer. The polymer P3 was found to function both as hole injection and hole transport layer with performance better than that of well known PEDOT:PSS hole injection layer materialclose0

Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of 9,10-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives for Flexible OLED Devices

A silylated anthracene derivative, bis[2-(p-trimethylsilyl)phenylethynyl]anthracene (1), was synthesized by using Sonogashira reaction. Compound 1 showed two absorption maxia(lambda(max, abs)) at 444 and 447 nm, and fluorescence maximum (lambda(max, em)) at 478 nm. Compound 1 had higher melting temperature of 274 degrees C compared to anthracene 210 degrees C presumably due to confinement of pi-conjugated system by trimethylsilyl end-capping, which will be beneficial in the high temperature operation condition of OLED devices. As compared to the commercially available, blue-light emitting, material 4 and tert-butylated compound 2, the compound 1 showed small red-shift of 9 nm in the OLED emission from the by PL lambda(max) due to the increased electron density in the anthracene ring. The compound 1 was also found to be easily fabricated in the flexible OLED devices and showed a low threshold voltage and high current efficiency compared with other anthracene derivativesclose5

Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of 9,10-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives for Flexible OLED Devices

A silylated anthracene derivative, bis[2-(p-trimethylsilyl)phenylethynyl] anthracene (1), was synthesized by using Sonogashira reaction. Compound 1 showed two absorption maxia(max,abs) at 444 and 447nm, and fluorescence maximum (max,em) at 478nm. Compound 1 had higher melting temperature of 274C compared to anthracene 210C presumably due to confinement of -conjugated system by trimethylsilyl end-capping, which will be beneficial in the high temperature operation condition of OLED devices. As compared to the commercially available, blue-light emitting, material 4 and tert-butylated compound 2, the compound 1 showed small red-shift of 9nm in the OLED emission from the by PL max due to the increased electron density in the anthracene ring. The compound 1 was also found to be easily fabricated in the flexible OLED devices and showed a low threshold voltage and high current efficiency compared with other anthracene derivatives.1

Estimation model for habitual 24-hour urinary-sodium excretion using simple questionnaires from normotensive Koreans

<div><p>This study was conducted to develop an equation for estimation of 24-h urinary-sodium excretion that can serve as an alternative to 24-h dietary recall and 24-h urine collection for normotensive Korean adults. In total, data on 640 healthy Korean adults aged 19 to 69 years from 4 regions of the country were collected as a training set. In order to externally validate the equation developed from that training set, 200 subjects were recruited independently as a validation set. Due to heterogeneity by gender, we constructed a gender-specific equation for estimation of 24-h urinary-sodium excretion by using a multivariable linear regression model and assessed the performance of the developed equation in validation set. The best model consisted of age, body weight, dietary behavior (‘eating salty food’, ‘Kimchi consumption’, ‘Korean soup or stew consumption’, ‘soy sauce or red pepper paste consumption’), and smoking status in men, and age, body weight, dietary behavior (‘salt preference’, ‘eating salty food’, ‘checking sodium content for processed foods’, ‘nut consumption’), and smoking status in women, respectively. When this model was tested in the external validation set, the mean bias between the measured and estimated 24-h urinary-sodium excretion from Bland-Altman plots was -1.92 (95% CI: -113, 110) mmol/d for men and -1.51 (95% CI: -90.6, 87.6) mmol/d for women. The cut-points of sodium intake calculated based on the equations were ≥4,000 mg/d for men and ≥3,500 mg/d for women, with 89.8 and 76.6% sensitivity and 29.3 and 64.2% specificity, respectively. In this study, a habitual 24-hour urinary-sodium-excretion-estimation model of normotensive Korean adults based on anthropometric and lifestyle factors was developed and showed feasibility for an asymptomatic population.</p></div

Equation for estimation of 24-hUNa (mmol/d), using β-coefficient estimates in multiple linear regression.

<p>Equation for estimation of 24-hUNa (mmol/d), using β-coefficient estimates in multiple linear regression.</p

General characteristics of study subjects.

<p>General characteristics of study subjects.</p