Shear strain properties to 10 sup -10 of selected optical materials

Plastic deformation of corrosion resistant steel, CER-VIT 101, and fused silica as function of applied torsional stres

Hypoxia regulates human lung fibroblast proliferation via p53-dependent and -independent pathways

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypoxia induces the proliferation of lung fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. However, the subcellular interactions between hypoxia and expression of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 remain unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) were cultured in a hypoxic chamber or exposed to desferroxamine (DFX). DNA synthesis was measured using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and expression of p53, p21 and p27 was measured using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>DNA synthesis was increased by moderate hypoxia (2% oxygen) but was decreased by severe hypoxia (0.1% oxygen) and DFX. Moderate hypoxia decreased p21 synthesis without affecting p53 synthesis, whereas severe hypoxia and DFX increased synthesis of both p21 and p53. p27 protein expression was decreased by severe hypoxia and DFX. Gene silencing of p21 and p27 promoted DNA synthesis at ambient oxygen concentrations. p21 and p53 gene silencing lessened the decrease in DNA synthesis due to severe hypoxia or DFX exposure. p21 gene silencing prevented increased DNA synthesis in moderate hypoxia. p27 protein expression was significantly increased by p53 gene silencing, and was decreased by wild-type p53 gene transfection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that in NHLF, severe hypoxia leads to cell cycle arrest via the p53-p21 pathway, but that moderate hypoxia enhances cell proliferation via the p21 pathway in a p53-independent manner. In addition, our results suggest that p27 may be involved in compensating for p53 in cultured NHLF proliferation.</p

New thermodynamic data for CoTiO3, NiTiO3 and CoCO3 based on low-temperature calorimetric measurements

The low-temperature heat capacities of nickel titanate (NiTiO3), cobalt titanate (CoTiO3), and cobalt carbonate (CoCO3) were measured between 2 and 300 K, and thermochemical functions were derived from the results. Our new data show previously unknown low-temperature lambda-shaped heat capacity anomalies peaking at 37 K for CoTiO3 and 26 K for NiTiO3. From our data we calculate standard molar entropies (298.15 K) for NiTiO3 of 90.9 ± 0.7 J mol-1 K-1 and for CoTiO3 of 94.4 ± 0.8 J mol-1 K-1. For CoCO3, we find only a small broad heat capacity anomaly, peaking at about 31 K. From our data, we suggest a new standard entropy (298.15 K) for CoCO3 of 88.9 ± 0.7 J mol-1 K-1

Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies

Effect of Adjuvant Imiquimod 5% Cream on Sustained Clearance of Anogenital Warts Following Laser Treatment

Objectives: Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that has demonstrated a good efficacy and relatively low recurrencerates in comparison to other genitalwart treatment modalities. The primary objective of this open-label study was to evaluate the effect on sustained clearance of treated lesions and the safety of patient-applied topical imiquimod after laser therapy of external anogenital warts