Sorção do inseticida tiametoxam nas frações orgânica e mineral de um latossolo amarelo

The sorption of thiamethoxam in a Brazilian Oxisol was determined in soil samples with and without organic matter for two different dephs (0-0.1 and 0.4-0.7 m). The results indicated a predominant sorption of thiamethoxam on soil without organic matter. The following Kd values of 4.25 mL g-1 (0-0.1 m, r² = 0.8534) and 5.30 mL g-1 (0.4-0.7 m, r² = 0.9884) and Kf values, 7.65 mL g-1 (0-0.1 m, r² = 0.9623) and 7.72 mL g-1 (0.4-0.7 m, r² = 0.9775) were obtained. Those sorption coefficient values indicated a small interaction between thiamethoxam for both original soil and soil without organic matter

Síntese e caracterização de micropartículas de etilcelulose e seu uso na encapsulação do fungicida tebuconazole

Este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar micropartículas de etilcelulose e avaliar a encapsulação do fungicida tebuconazole. Foi empregado um planejamento fatorial para estudar as variáveis que controlam a morfologia. As variáveis avaliadas foram concentração do polímero etilcelulose, a velocidade e tempo de homogeneização de alta velocidade e a concentração do surfactante utilizado. Foi avaliada ainda a influência do tebuconazole sobre as características das micropartículas, sendo o diâmetro, rendimento e a distribuição utilizada como parâmetros para avaliação da síntese. As micropartículas de etilcelulose foram obtidas pelo método de inversão de fase à temperatura constante e a caracterização foi realizada por FEG-SEM, espectroscopia FT-IR, Espectroscopia Raman e análise térmica (TG, DTG e DTA). A análise do tebuconazole foi realizada por CG-EM. Foram obtidas micropartículas de etilcelulose com diâmetro médio variando de 0,21 ?m (±0,08) a 0,55 ?m (±0,22) para o experimento PE-14. Os parâmetros que mais influenciaram os efeitos sobre o diâmetro das micropartículas foram a concentração do polímero (+0,28) e velocidade de homogeneização (-0,43). O rendimento das micropartículas variou entre 10,07 e 96,59%. Os resultados de DRX indicaram que a distribuição do TBZ nas partículas de EC foi a nível molecular, ou seja, não houve a formação de cristais no interior das microesferas. A presença de TBZ nas partículas foi adequadamente quantificada por cromatografia a gás e também foi identificada pela presença do pico Raman em 1597,98 cm-1. O deslocamento deste pico foi atribuído às interações intermoleculares do TBZ com a matriz. A eficiência de encapsulação do tebuconazole nas partículas de etilcelulose foi de 76,0 (±4,9) para EEC25, 69,6 (±4,0) para EEC50, 60,6 (±2,3) EEC100 e 45,5 (±1,1) EEC200. Os dados obtidos pela análise térmica indicam...This study aimed to synthesize microparticles of ethylcellulose and evaluate the encapsulation of the fungicide tebuconazole. A factorial design was used in order to study the variables that control the microparticles morphology. The evaluated variables were concentration of ethylcellulose polymer, speed and time of high pressure homogenization and concentration of surfactant. The influence of tebuconazole on the characteristics of microparticles was also evaluated and the diameter, yield and the distribution were used as synthesis parameters. The ethylcellulose microparticles were obtained by phase inversion method at constant temperature and the characterization was performed by FEG-SEM, FT-IR s and Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG, DTG and DTA). Ethylcellulose microparticles were obtained with an average diameter ranging from 0.21 ?m (±0.08) to 0.55 ?m (±0.22) for the PE-14 experiment. The parameters that influence the effects on the diameter of the microparticles were the concentration of the polymer (+0.28) and mixing speed (-0.43). The yield of the microparticles ranged between 10.07 and 96.59%. XRD results clearly indicated that the distribution of the particles of TBZ was at molecular level and there was no formation of crystals within the microspheres. The presence of the TBZ into the particles was measured by gas chromatography and it was also identified by Raman peak at 1597.98 cm-1 and this peak was attributed to the intermolecular interactions of the matrix with TBZ. The encapsulation efficiency of TBZ was 76.0 (±4.9) to EEC25 69.6 (±4.0) to EEC50, 60, 6 (± 2.3) EEC100 and 45.5 (±1.1) EEC200. The data obtained by thermal analysis show that the particles of ethylcellulose are thermally stable up to 160 ° C temperature

Carbono orgânico nas frações granulométricas e substâncias húmicas de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico - LVAd sob diferentes agrossistemas Organic carbon in granulometric fraction and in humic substances of a Brazilian Oxisol under different land use systems

No presente estudo foram avaliados os teores de carbono orgânico total nas frações húmicas e granulométricas de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico sob quatro sistemas de uso: Floresta nativa (FL), agrossilvopastoril (SS), agroflorestal (SA) e pastagem (PA), na região norte mato-grossense. As amostras do solo foram coletadas em Juruena e Juara, Mato Grosso e preparadas para posterior fracionamento físico e químico. Os resultados indicaram que os diferentes sistemas de uso do solo influenciaram diretamente na quantidade de carbono orgânico total das frações granulométricas e das substâncias húmicas dos solos. O sistema agrossilvopastoril apresentou pronunciada diferenciação em relação aos demais sistemas estudados, principalmente quanto à concentração de humina e ácidos fúlvicos livres. A distribuição do carbono orgânico total na fração granulométrica fina ( 53 μm) para todos os agrossistemas, indicando maior presença de material orgânico agregado ao silte e argila.This study aimed to assess the total organic carbon content in chemical and granulometric fraction of an Oxisol from four different land use systems. The soil samples were collected in Juruena and Juara, Mato Grosso (Brazil), and prepared for the physical and chemical fractionations. The results indicated that different land use systems caused significative carbon content changing in both humic substances and granulometric fraction. It was observed from the differentiated concentration of humine and free fulvic acids for each system. The distribution of total organic carbon in the granulometric fraction 53 μm for all land use, indicating greater presence of organic material in the silt and clay

Chironomus larvae (Chironomidae: Diptera) as water quality indicators along an environmental gradient in a neotropical urban stream

Anthropogenic interference in urban lotic systems is a factor affecting the biota of waterbodies. Aquatic macro invertebrates are an important food source for fish and are valuable indicators of water quality. The objective of this work was to study Chironomus larvae (Chironomidae: Diptera) distribution along an environmental gradient in Barbado Stream, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. No individual Chironomus was found in the springs of Barbado Stream, which may indicate preservation of the area. During the study period, we found 40.3 and 94.4 individuals/m2 at points 3 and 4 (low course), respectively. There is eutrophication in these sites due to domestic sewage discharges, indicating low quality water. The Barbado Stream needs restoration projects that include an awareness of the residents of their neighborhood's environmental importance, and investments in the sanitation sector to prioritize the collection and treatment of wastewater and solid waste collection