Three Years Survival Rate of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java

Objectives: to determine the association between prognostic factors of ovarian cancer with a 3-years survival rate of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.Material and Method: Retrospective cohort study was conducted in 90 patients (during 2012) at Dr.Kariadi General Hospital. Kaplan meier, Log rank and Cox regression were used to analyse survival rate and prognostic factors that influence the disease.Result: Overall 3-years survival rate of epithelial ovarian cancer patients were 58.5% (Kaplan meier). Three-years survival rates were 89.3%, 44,4%, and 35.1% for patients in stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively, and no patient survive up to 3 years in stage IV. Prognostic factors that associated with 3-years survival rate were stage of the disease, ascites, residual tumor, and type of histopathology {p<0,001; p=0,001; p=0,004; p=0,041, respectively (Log rank test)}, whereas age and size of tumor were not associated. After using multivariate analysis (Cox regression) only stage of the disease was associated with 3-years survival rate of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.Conclusion: There were an association between stage of the disease, ascites, residual tumor, type of histopathology, and 3-years survival rate of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Stage of the disease was a prognostic factor that most influence 3-years survival rate of epithelial ovarian cancer patiens in this study

The Challenges in Diagnosis of Thymic Carcinoma

Thymic Carcinoma (TC) is a rare tumor among the epithelial tumors of the thymus with a challenging diagnosis for pathologists. A case report, a 55-year-old male patient complained of coughing, chest pain, and intermittent shortness of breath for 2 weeks before being referred. Patient underwent radiological examination, surgery, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical examination to reach the definitive diagnosis. The histopathological examination of Thymic Squamous Cell Carcinoma was established with immunohistochemical examination

Correlation between interleukin-6 expression in post-mortem core liver biopsy and degree of liver injury in patients with fatal COVID-19

ABSTRACT Excessive release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces cytokine storms, resulting in multi-organ damages including liver injury, similar in nature with mechanism of viral hepatitis. Systemic IL-6 has been associated with the incidence of liver injury among COVID-19 patients; however, studies on IL-6 expression in the liver tissue are completely lacking. The aim of this study was to measure the IL-6 expression in the liver tissues and to determine its correlation with the degree of liver injury in fatal COVID-19 patients. Through this first cross-sectional study, IL-6 expression was measured through immunohistochemical staining and the degree of liver injury was identified based on level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The Spearman correlation test was used to identify the correlation between IL-6 expression and the degree of liver injury. A total of 47 deceased COVID-19 patients were included and IL-6 expression was observed in all post-mortem liver specimens, ranging from mild to strong expression. Liver injury at various degrees (mild to severe) was found in more than half (59.5%) of the cases. The Spearman correlation analysis suggested a statistically insignificant correlation between liver IL-6 expression and the degree of liver injury (r=0.152; p=0.309). In conclusion, even IL-6 expression was observed in all post-mortem liver specimens, there was an insignificant correlation between IL-6 expression in the liver tissue with the degree of liver injury among fatal COVID-19 patients, suggesting that IL-6 was not the only main factor contributing to liver damage in COVID-19 patients