Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a commercial noni juice revealed by carrageenan-induced paw edema

This study aimed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a commercial product of noni (Morinda citrifolia) juice. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema was employed as inflammatory model. One control and three experimental groups were formed. Experimental groups were administered noni juice alone, noni juice+carrageenan, and carrageenan alone. Oxidant and antioxidant capacity were determined by d-ROMs test and BAP test, respectively. Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and leptin were measured by ELISA. Measurements were performed at zero time and 2nd hour of inflammation. Oxidant capacity decreased in noni-received groups at 2nd hour (p=0.019). Antioxidant capacity of the group which received noni alone was found to be higher at 2nd hour (p=0.036). Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 and leptin were notably lower in noni-received groups (p=0.001 and p=0.021, respectively). The results show that the commercial noni juice investigated has pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

Evaluation of the effects of adenotonsillectomy on sleep quality, quality of life and anxiety status of the parents in children with sleep apne

YÖK Tez No: 424625Uyku ile ilgili solunum bozukluğu çocukların gelişimini ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen önemli bir rahatsızlıktır. Çocuklarda uyku apnesi nedeniyle adenotonsillektomi sıklıkla yapılmaktadır. Uyku apnesi çocukların yaşam kalitesini etkilediği kadar ailelerin de kaygı durumunu ve yaşam kalitesini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada uyku apnesi bulunan çocuklarda uyku ve yaşam kalitesi, ebeveynlerinde yaşam kalitesi ve anksiyete durumunun değerlendirilmesi ve adenotonsillektomi sonrasındaki değişimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Temmuz 2015- Eylül 2015 tarihleri arasında klinik olarak uyku apnesi tanısı alarak adenotonsillektomi yapılan çocuklar ve onların 18 yaş üzeri, okur-yazar olan toplam 45 ebeveyni ve uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluğu bulunmayan kontrol gubunu oluşturan sağlıklı 37 çocuk ve ebeveyni ile yapıldı. Uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluğu bulunan çocukların uyku kaliteleri Çocuklarda Uyku Ölçeği (ÇUÖ) – Kısa form ile, yaşam kaliteleri OSA-18 ile değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya alınan çocuklar hasta (45 çocuk) ve kontrol grubu (37 çocuk) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Ebeveynlerde yaşam kalitesi Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi - Kısa Form WHOQOL-BREF (TR), anksiyete durumu ise durumluk ve sürekli kaygı ölçekleri (STAI-TX1, TX2) ile değerlendirildi. Klinik olarak uyku apnesi düşünülen çocukların ebeveynlerinde ameliyat öncesi durumluk ve sürekli anksiyete değerleri ameliyat sonrasına göre anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunurken, yaşam kalitesi değerleri anlamlı oranda düşük bulundu. Çocuklarda uyku kalitesindeki düşme ile birlikte ebeveynin ameliyat öncesi durumluk ve sürekli anksiyete değerlerinin anlamlı olarak arttığı belirlendi. Ayrıca ebeveyn yaşam kalitesinin adenotonsillektomi sonrasında çocuklarının uyku kalitesindeki artma ile birlikte anlamlı düzeyde yükseldiği tespit edildi. Uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluğu çocukların olduğu kadar ebeveynlerinin de yaşam kalitesini düşüren bir durumdur. Ebeveynlerde durumluk ve sürekli anksiyete değerleri ve yaşam kaliteleri olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Adenotonsillektomi sadece çocuklarda SRBD'nin tedavisinde değil aynı zamanda ebeveynlerin yaşam kalitesi ve anksiyete durumlarında iyileşme üzerine de etkilidir.Sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) is an important condition affecting quality of life and development of children. Adenotonsillectomy is most commonly performed operation for sleep apnea in children. Sleep apnea affects children's quality of life as well as families' anxiety state and quality of life. In this study, we aimed to assess the quality of sleep and quality of life in children with sleep apnea and anxiety state and quality of life in parents before and after adenotonsillectomy. The present study was planned on 45 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy because of sleep apnea between July 2015- September 2015 and on one of their parents. In control group consisted of 37 children who did not have SRBD and one of their parents. Sleep quality was assessed by Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) – a 22 item form and sleep related quality of life was assessed by OSA-18 in children with SRBD. The children in the study were divided into two groups: Study group (45 children) and control group (37 children). WHOQOL-BREF-Short Form (TR) was used for evaluating the quality of life of parents and STAI-TX 1 and STAI-TX 2 were used to determine the state and trait anxiety of parents. The preoperative state and trait anxiety scores in the parents of the study group was found significantly higher and preoperative quality of life scores significantly lower than postoperative values. An increased level of state and trait anxiety was detected in children's parents associated with a decreased preoperative sleep quality in children. In addition there was a statistically significant increase in parental quality of life together with increased sleep quality of children after adenotonsillectomy. Sleep-related breathing disorder is a condition that reduces the children's as well as the parent's quality of life. Sleep-related breathing disorder in children affects parent's state and trait anxiety values and quality of life adversely. Adenotonsillectomy is not only effective in the treatment of SRBD, but also in the improvement of quality of life and anxiety states of the parents which are related with the medical condition of their children

Yeni Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 bazlı dielektrik malzemelerin üretimi ve karakterizasyonu

YENİ Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 BAZLI DİELEKTRİK MALZEMELERİN ÜRETİMİ VE KARAKTERİZASYONU Mikrodalga dielektrik seramiklerin en büyük potansiyel uygulama alanı yüksek frekansların geçerli olduğu haberleşme teknolojisi olup, bu alanda kullanılma potansiyeli olan malzemelerden biriside Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) seramiğidir. BZN yüksek dielektrik sabitine, düşük dielektrik kaybına ve yüksek dirence sahiptir (r=38, Qf=90 THz). Ancak, BZN seramiği 1400-1500°C gibi yüksek sinterlenme sıcaklığına sahip olup, bu durum BZN seramiğinin Ag ve Cu gibi düşük ergime sıcaklığına sahip elektrotlarla kullanımını imkansız hale getirmektedir. Bu yüzden BZN seramiğinin sinterlenme sıcaklığının düşürülmesi önemlidir. BZN seramiğinin diğer bir dezavantajı rezonans frekans sıcaklık katsayısının (f=30 ppm/K) yüksek olmasıdır. Bu ise BZN seramiğinin mikrodalga uygulamalarında kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Bu hususlar göz önüne alındığında, BZN seramiğinin sinterlenme sıcaklığının düşürülmesi ve sıfıra yakın rezonans sıcaklık katsayısına sahip BZN seramiklerinin üretilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında BZN seramiğinde Ba yerine Sr ve La, Zn yerine Ni, Nb yerine Sb, Ta, Ir ve Mo ilave edilerek tek fazlı katkılı BZN seramikleri üretilmiştir. XRD kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde BZN seramiğinde Sb elementinin çözünürlük sınırı x=0.4-0.5, Ta elementinin ise x=0.3-0.67 arasındadır. Sb için x=0.4’ün üzerinde, Ta için ise x=0.3’ün üzerinde yapıda ikincil fazlar oluşmaktadır. Diğer katkı ilavelerinde ise (Sr, La, Ni, Ir ve Mo) düşük oranlarda bile (x=0.05 veya 0.1) ikincil faz oluşumları gözlenmiştir. SEM sonuçları XRD sonuçlarını teyit etmektedir. 1300-1450C aralığında sinterlenen katkılı BZN seramiklerinin relatif yoğunlukları %97 ’nin üzerindedir. BZN seramiğine Ni, Sb, La ve Sr ilavesi dielektrik sabitinde düşüşe neden olmaktadır. Ta ilavesinde ise x=0.2 değerinde dielektrik sabitinde bir artış görülürken, bu katkı oranının üzerinde ise düşüş görülmüştür. Katkılı BZN seramiklerinin dielektrik sabitleri 15-45 arasında değişirken dielektrik kayıpları ise 0.0019-0.0075 arasında değişmektedir. BZN seramiklerinin dielektrik sabiti sıcaklık katsayıları katkı miktarlarıyla istikrarlı bir değişim göstermemektedir. ABSTRACT PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 BASED DIELECTRIC MATERIALS The largest potential application area of microwave dielectric ceramics is the communication sector where Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) ceramic is one of the potential material. BZN ceramic has a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and high resistivity (r=38, Qf=90 THz). However, BZN ceramic has a high sintering temperature between 1400-1500°C which prevents BZN ceramics to be used with low melting point electrodes like Ag and Cu. Therefore, it is crucial to decrease the sintering temperature of BZN ceramics. The other disadvantage of BZN ceramics is that they have relatively high temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (f=30 ppm/K) which restricts the usage of these ceramics in microwave applications. In this respect, it is crucially important to decrease the sintering temperature of BZN ceramics and to produce these ceramics with temperature coefficient of resonant frequency near to zero. In this study, Sr and La instead of Ba, Ni instead of Zn, Sb, Ta, Ir and Mo instead of Nb were doped into the BZN and single phase BZN ceramics were produced. Solubility limits of cations were determined as x=0.4-0.5 for Sb, x=0.3-0.67 for Ta. Above the solubility limits which are 0.4 for Sb and 0.3 for Ta, secondary phases started to form. The other additives (Sr, La, Ni, Ir ve Mo) led to formation of secondary phases even at low doping contents (x=0.05 veya 0.1). SEM results also confirmed the XRD results. Doped BZN ceramics sintered between 1300-1450C had a relative density over 97.5%. Ni, Sb, La and Sr additives caused a decrease in dielectric constant of BZN. However, Ta incorporation into the BZN initially increased the dielectric constant at x=0.2 but then decreased it over x=0.2. While the dielectric constant at doped BZN ceramic varied between 15-45, the dielectric loss values were between 0.0019-0.0075. Temperature coefficient of dielectric constant did not vary consistently with doping content

Theoretical Investigation of Heat Capacities as a Function Temperature of Stannous Selenide (SnSe) Using Einstein-Debye Approximation

A new alternative approach has been suggested for evaluating the heat capacities of stannous selenide (SnSe), based on the Einstein-Debye approximation. It is well known the thermal behavior of solids is a very important theoretical problem that has been explored thoroughly with the development of Einstein, Debye and recently developed Einstein-Debye approximations. Many additional thermophysical characteristics of materials may be analyzed using the Einstein-Debye approach employed in this study. As an application, the heat capacities have been computed by using the Einstein-Debye method for SnSe in the temperatures range between 40 and 900 K. The temperature dependence of heat capacities have been computed and found to be in good accord with the literature throughout a wide temperature range

Efüzyonlu otitis mediada polisakkarid streptococcus pneumoniae ve haemophilus influenzae aşilari ile ventilasyon tüpü etkinli?inin karşilaştirilmasi

Objective: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common childhood infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are very common bacterial pathogens in the etiology of OME. The purpose of the study is providing immunization against these pathogens and to see how it affects the course and recurrence of OME according to insert ventilation tube. Material and Methods: Ventilation tube was performed to 45 patients with OME between the ages of 2 to 13.H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine containing 23 serotypes were applied together with an interval of 1 week to 35 patients between the ages of 2 to 13 who did not accept the application of ventilation tube. Patients with systemic diseases, immunodeficiency, allergy history, craniofacial malformations (for example, cleft palate, retrognathia, choanal atresia), previously application of the tube or history of ear surgery were excluded from the study. All patients were evaluated with pneumotoscopy and tympanometry at first week and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12th months after the therapy and the findings were recorded. Results: The best results of vaccination group (VG) were obtained at the end of 12th month. Complete remission was observed in 24 (68.6%) patients and partial remission was observed in one patient at the end of 12th month. Also complete remission in 28 (62.2%) patients and partial remission in 3 (6.7%) patients was observed at the tube group (TG). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between AT and TG in terms of healing rates (p?0.05). Conclusion: Vaccination of the patients with OME against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae reduces the progression and recurrence of OME, but it's not more effective than ventilation tube. © 2014 by Türki ye Klinikleri

Management Of Pediatric Sphenochoanal Polyp

Paranazal sinüslerden kaynaklanıp nazal vestibüldenkonayı geçerek nazofarenkse uzanan poliplere koanalpolip denmektedir. Koanal polipler sıklıkla tek taraflıolup, genellikle maksiller sinüs kaynaklıdır. Sfenoid sinüskaynaklı koanal polipler ise oldukça nadir görülmektedir.Tanı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ve nazal endoskopi yardımıile konulmaktadır. Burada sol burun deliğinde tıkanıklıkşikayeti ile polikliniğimize başvuran, sfenoid sinüskaynaklı nazal polip nedeni ile endoskopik sinüs cerrahisiuygulanan 12 yaşında erkek hasta literatür eşliğindetartışılmak üzere sunulmuştur.Choanal polyps arise from the paranasal sinuses andextends to the nasopharynx. Choanal polyps are usuallyunilateral and originate from the maxillary sinus.Sphenoid sinus origin choanal polyps are uncommon.Paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) andendoscopic examination are used in the differantialdiagnosis. We present a case of sphenochoanal polyptreated with endoscopic sinus surgery. Twelve-year-oldpatient had complained of nasal obstruction. Wedicussed the diagnosis and treatment of sphenochoanalpoliyps in this article

Comparison of Transoral/Transnasal Endoscopic-Guided Adenoidectomy with Endoscopic Nasopharyngeal Inspection at the End of Curettage Adenoidectomy

ilhan, ethem/0000-0003-4887-0403WOS: 000422262500005PubMed: 26075164The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transoral or transnasal endoscopic-guided adenoidectomy compared with endoscopic nasopharyngeal inspection at the end of curettage adenoidectomy. A prospective case series of patients who had adenoidectomy. A total of 27 girls and 34 boys (age range 2.5-18 years) in whom adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy procedure was planned were included in the study. The cases were divided into three groups. Group 1 Transoral endoscopic-guided adenoidectomy performed patients. Group 2 Transnasal endoscopic-guided adenoidectomy performed patients. Group 3 Transnasal endoscopic nasopharyngeal exploration performed at the end of the conventional curettage adenoidectomy. The study was completed on 61 children. Mean age and sex frequency were not significant different between the groups. Mean operative time were 11.6 +/- 2.9, 15.6 +/- 4.4 and 9.7 +/- 2 min, respectively (p > 0.05). On the other hand, significant differences were observed in operative time between group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05), and between group 2 and group 3 (p < 0.05). Transnasal endoscopic examination at the end of curettage adenoidectomy is an appropriate method to assess the residual adenoid tissue after conventional curettage adenoidectomy. Also, operative time of this method is shorter than transoral or transnasal endoscopic-guided adenoidectomy. We recommend transnasal endoscopic inspection in all patients after conventional curettage adenoidectomy

Burunda yabancı cisim: 130 hastanın değerlendirilmesi

PubMed ID: 25935063OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate clinical manifestations and treatment protocols in patients with a diagnosis of nasal foreign bodies.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 130 patients (72 males, 58 females; mean age 3.65±2.31 years; range 15 month to 72 years) who were diagnosed with nasal foreign bodies and received treatment between November 2008 and July 2013. Age and sex of the patients, type of foreign body, side of presentation, signs and symptoms, management practices, and outcomes were recorded.RESULTS: Most of the patients were children between the ages of 2 and 5 (n=113, 86.9%). The most common foreign bodies were small plastic toys (43.8%), nut, walnut, corn, bean and the other seed grains (29.2%). Foreign bodies were detected in the right nasal passage in 74 patients (56.9%), left nasal passage in 54 patients (41.6%) and both nostrils in two patients (1.5%). Of the patients, 92.3% were admitted to our clinic within 24 hours.CONCLUSION: Nasal foreign bodies are frequent encountered in the emergency setting of ear, nose, and throat diseases. Although they are not life-threatening conditions, they require urgent intervention, as they may lead to several complications in the long-term. Parents and caregivers of children should keep objects which can be put into the nose away and be instructed that they should consult a physician in case of nasal foreign bodies

Düzce Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi'nde 5 Yıllık Pediatrik Trakeotomi Deneyimimiz

Amaç: Trakeotomi en eski cerrahi uygulamalardan biridir. Çocuklarda trakeotomi endikasyonları son dönemlerde değişmiştir. Günümüzde akut enfeksiyonlar yerine daha çok uzamış entübasyon, üst solunum yolu obstrüksiyonu, nöromüsküler ve kraniofasial anomalilere bağlı olarak trakeotomi uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız, pediatrik olgularda trakeotomi endikasyonları ve komplikasyonları ile ilgili deneyimlerimizi sunmaktır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada Haziran 2010-Haziran 2015 tarihleri arasında trakeotomi açılan 17 çocuk hasta geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların yaşları, cinsiyetleri, trakeotomi endikasyonları, entübe kaldıkları süre, komplikasyonları ve son durumları kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Kliniğimizde 17 pediatrik hastaya trakeotomi uygulanmıştır. Taburcu olan hastalar 3 aylık rutin kontrollerle izlenmiştir. Hastaların 6'sı (%35.29) izlem süresince primer hastalıkları nedeniyle kaybedilmiştir. Bulardan biri (%5.88) yaşamla bağdaşmayan anomalileri bulunan bir günlük yenidoğandı. Trakeal travma nedeniyle bir hastaya (%5.88) acil trakeotomi uygulanmıştır. Hastalarımızdan biri (%5.88) dışında hiçbiri dekanüle edilememiştir. Bir hastamızda kazara dekanülasyon, bir hastamızda da ameliyat sahasında kanama olmuştur. Toplam minör komplikasyon oranımız %11.76 iken, majör komplikasyonla karşılaşılmamıştır. Taburcu olan hastalardan ikisine (%11.76) rutin kontrollerinde stomanın daralması nedeniyle stoma genişletilmesi operasyonu uygulanmıştır. Sonuç: Günümüzde pediatrik olgularda trakeotomi ço- ğunlukla entübasyonun yapılamadığı üst solunum yolu obstrüksiyonlarında veya uzamış entübasyon durumlarında uygulanmaktadır. Özellikle uzun süreli entübasyon gereken hastaların ailelerine eğitim verilerek, hastaların taburcu edilip evde bakımları sağlanabilmektedir.Objective: Tracheotomy is one of the oldest surgical procedures. Pediatric tracheotomy indications have changed in recent decades. Currently, tracheotomy is performed because of prolonged intubation, upper airway obstruction, neuromuscular, and craniofacial anomalies instead of acute airway infections. This study aims to present our experience regarding indications and complications of tracheotomy in pediatric patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 17 pediatric patients who underwent tracheotomy because of prolonged intubation, increased pulmonary secretions, and upper respiratory tract obstruction from June 2010 to June 2015. The patients’ age, gender, tracheotomy indications, duration of intubation, complications, and actual clinical condition were recorded. Results: Tracheotomy was performed on 17 pediatric patients in our clinic. Discharged patients were followed with a 3-month routine check. Six patients (35.29%) had died because of a primary disease during follow-up, and one (5.88%) of them was a one-day-old newborn who had anomalies that were incompatible with life. In one patient, emergency tracheotomy was performed because of a tracheal trauma. None of the patients has been decannulated except one (5.88%). One (5.88%) patient had an accidental decannulation, while another had bleeding in the operation field. The total minor complication rate was 11.76%, and no major complication was observed. Two (11.76%) of the discharged patients underwent re-operation for widening of the tracheotomy stoma during their routine visit. Conclusions: Currently, tracheotomy in pediatric patients is mostly performed for prolonged intubation and upper respiratory tract obstruction for which intubation is not possible. Tracheotomy enables the discharge of these patients after training their families

Nasal foreign bodies: an analysis of 130 patients

Amaç: Bu çalışmada burunda yabancı cisim tanısı konulan hastaların klinik belirtileri ve tedavi protokolleri araştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Kasım 2008 - Temmuz 2013 tarihleri arasında burunda yabancı cisim tanısı konulan ve tedavisi yapılan 130 hasta (72 erkek, 58 kadın; ort. yaş 3.652.31 yıl; dağılım 15 ay-72 yıl) geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların yaş ve cinsiyeti, yabancı cismin türü, hangi tarafta olduğu, belirti ve semptomları, tedavi uygulamaları ve sonuçları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Hastaların büyük bir çoğunluğu 2-5 yaş arasındaki çocuklardı (n113, %86.9). En fazla görülen yabancı cisimler; küçük plastik oyuncak parçaları (%43.8) fındık, ceviz, mısır ve fasulye gibi tohum taneleri (%29.2) idi. Hastaların 74ünde (%56.9) sağ, 54ünde (%41.6) sol nazal pasajda ve ikisinde (%1.5) ise her iki burun deliğinde yabancı cisim izlendi. Hastaların %92.3ü ilk 24 saat içerisinde kliniğimize başvurdu. Sonuç: Buruna yabancı cisim kaçması kulak burun boğaz hastalıkları acilinde sık karşılaşılan bir durumdur. Genellikle hayati bir risk oluşturmayan bu durum uzun dönemde çeşitli komplikasyonlara yol açabileceğinden acil müdahale gerektirir. Çocuk bakımından sorumlu ebeveyn ve bakıcılar buruna kaçabilecek cisimlerin çocukların ulaşabileceği yerlerde bulundurmamaları ve buruna yabancı cisim kaçması durumlarında hekime başvurmaları konusunda bilinçlendirilmelidir.Objectives: This study aims to investigate clinical manifestations and treatment protocols in patients with a diagnosis of nasal foreign bodies. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 130 patients (72 males, 58 females; mean age 3.65±2.31 years; range 15 month to 72 years) who were diagnosed with nasal foreign bodies and received treatment between November 2008 and July 2013. Age and sex of the patients, type of foreign body, side of presentation, signs and symptoms, management practices, and outcomes were recorded. Results: Most of the patients were children between the ages of 2 and 5 (n113, 86.9%). The most common foreign bodies were small plastic toys (43.8%), nut, walnut, corn, bean and the other seed grains (29.2%). Foreign bodies were detected in the right nasal passage in 74 patients (56.9%), left nasal passage in 54 patients (41.6%) and both nostrils in two patients (1.5%). Of the patients, 92.3% were admitted to our clinic within 24 hours. Conclusion: Nasal foreign bodies are frequent encountered in the emergency setting of ear, nose, and throat diseases. Although they are not life-threatening conditions, they require urgent intervention, as they may lead to several complications in the long-term. Parents and caregivers of children should keep objects which can be put into the nose away and be instructed that they should consult a physician in case of nasal foreign bodies