Preferencia/valoración de alimentos en la Quebrada de Humahuaca, y su relación con la seguridad alimentaria y el estado nutricional: revisión de estudios locales

En el marco de los estudios de la seguridad alimentaria este trabajo tiene por objetivo conocer los patrones de consumo de alimentos de origen andino, y la relación de los significados y valoración con el estado nutricional de las familias campesinas que habitan las localidades rurales del este de la región de la Quebrada de Humahuaca- Jujuy; que en su condición de productoras de alimentos resulta necesario profundizar los componentes: disponibilidad, accesibilidad y sostenibilidad, para nuevos cuestionamientos en el estudio de lo alimentario en la zona. El análisis se fundamenta en los antecedentes de las investigaciones realizadas sobre el tema alimentario en la localidad andina de Humahuaca para reconocer las transformaciones y riesgos que afectan la salud nutricional de la población. Sistematizar la información dispersa para comprender cómo se presentan los pilares de la seguridad en el territorio, será el propósito a definir en este trabajo y que no ha sido considerado de manera integral en las investigaciones locales. Finalmente, el estudio contribuye al conocimiento y promoción de la seguridad alimentaria en la Quebrada de Humahuaca de la provincia de Jujuy.GT45: Antropología de la Alimentación: aportes y debates actuales.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Use of Alternative Tobacco Products in Multiethnic Youth from Jujuy, Argentina

This study examines alternative tobacco use among Latin American youth. A self-administered survey in a random sample of 27 schools was administered in 2004 in Jujuy, Argentina (N = 3218). Prevalence of alternative tobacco product use was 24.1%; 15.3% of youth used hand-rolled cigarettes, 7.8% smoked cigars, 2.3% chewed tobacco leaf and 1.6% smoked pipe. Among youth who never smoked manufactured cigarettes, alternative product use was rare (2.9%), except for chewing tobacco (22%). In multivariate logistic regression boys were more likely than girls to smoke pipe (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.1–8.7); indigenous language was associated with smoking hand-rolled cigarettes (OR = 1.4; 95% CI-1.1–1.9) and pipe (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.5–3.4). Working in tobacco sales was a risk factor for chewing tobacco (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7–4.9) and smoking hand-rolled cigarettes (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.8). Having friends who smoked was associated with chewing tobacco (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.0–3.2) and with smoking cigars (OR = 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–2.9). Current drinking and thrill-seeking orientation were associated with cigars and pipe smoking. Findings highlight the importance of surveillance of alternative tobacco products use and availability among youth and for addressing identified risk factors

Country and gender differences in the association between violence and cigarette smoking among youth

Background: Exposure to violence in youth may be associated with substance use and other adverse health effects. This study examined cigarette smoking in two middle-income areas with different levels and types of exposure to violence. Methods: Association of exposure to verbal and physical violence with cigarette smoking in the West Bank oPt (2008) and in Jujuy Argentina (2006) was examined using cross-sectional surveys of 14 to 17-year old youth in 7th to 10th grade using probabilistic sampling. Results: Violence exposure rates were more than double for Palestinian girls (99.6% vs. 41.2%) and boys (98.7% vs. 41.1%) compared with Argentinians. The rate of current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among Argentinian girls compared with Palestinian girls (33.1% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). Exposure to verbal violence from family and to physical violence increased the odds of current cigarette smoking, respectively, among Argentinian girls (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0–1.7; aOR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.7–3.8), Palestinian girls (aOR 2.2, 95%CI = 1.1–2.4; aOR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1–3.6) and Argentinian boys (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.1–2.0; aOR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.6–3.0), but not among Palestinian boys. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of producing context and gender specific evidence from exposure to violence, to inform and increase the impact of targeted smoking prevention strategies.Fil: Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.. Birzeit University; Palestina (ANP)Fil: Alderete, Ethel del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Husseini, Abdullatif. Birzeit University; Palestina (ANP)Fil: Livaudais Toman, Jennifer. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Pérez Stable, Eliseo J.. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido

Youth working in tobacco farming: effects on smoking behavior and association with health status

Background: Cultivation of tobacco raises concerns about detrimental health and social consequences for youth, but tobacco producing countries only highlight economic benefits. We compared sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of school-age youth who worked and did not work in tobacco farming and assessed the effects on smoking behavior and health at 1 year. Methods: We used existing data collected in the province of Jujuy, Argentina where 3188 youth 13 to 17 years of age from a random middle school sample responded to longitudinal questionnaires in 2005 and 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted association of tobacco farming work with health status and smoking behavior at 1 year. Results: 22.8% of youth in the tobacco growing areas of the province were involved in tobacco farming. The mean age of initiation to tobacco farming was 12.6 years. Youth working in farming had higher rates of fair or poor versus good or excellent self-perceived health (30.3% vs. 19.0%), having a serious injury (48.5% vs. 38.5%), being injured accidentally by someone else (7.5% vs. 4.6%), being assaulted (5.5% vs. 2.6%), and being poisoned by exposure to chemicals (2.5% vs. 0.7%). Youth working in tobacco farming also had higher prevalence of ever (67.9% vs. 55.2%), current (48.0% vs. 32.6%) and established smoking (17.8% vs. 9.9%). In multivariate logistic regression models tobacco farming in 2005 was associated with significant increased reporting of serious injury (OR = 1.4; 95%CI 1.1-2.0), accidental injury by someone else (OR = 1.5; 95% 1.0-2.1), assault (OR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.8), and poisoning by exposure to chemicals (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.4). Tobacco farming in 2005 predicted established smoking 1 year later (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0). Conclusion: Youth who work in tobacco faming face a challenging burden of adversities that increase their vulnerability. Risk assessments should guide public policies to protect underage youth working in tobacco farming. (298 words).Fil: Alderete, Ethel del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Livaudais Toman, Jennifer. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Kaplan, Celia. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Gregorich, Steven E.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Mejía, Raúl. Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Stable, Eliseo J.. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido

It is done by walking... Reflections, considerations and trends regarding health research in Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu

Las prácticas de salud no son hechos aislados ni espontáneos, tienen un desarrollo en estrecha relación con la realidad económica, política, social y cultural de un grupo social. Se considera en este artículo la importancia de analizar la investigación en salud de producciones publicadas en la revista Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu. Esta tarea implica considerar aspectos del pasado y del presente a partir de la diferenciación de la salud como campo de conocimiento. El Area de Salud fue incorporado al organigrama de la UNJU en el año 1994, en respuesta a la creación de la Carrera Educador Sanitario que ha permitido la contribución de docentes formados en distintas disciplinas, en articulación con alumnos de la carrera, lo que constituyó un punto de partida para el incremento en las publicaciones en esta área. De esta manera se fue construyendo un corpus de ideas en donde se fueron abordando problemáticas locales en salud tomando como referencia marcos teóricos de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Se concluye que la investigación para la salud debe ser contemplada como una herramienta adecuada para fortalecer y evaluar los determinantes económicos, sociales, históricos y culturales de la salud, y enriquecer así los planes de desarrollo tanto regionales como nacionales. La revista Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu como órgano de difusión y transferencia de conocimientos, ha contribuido adecuadamente a esta tarea.Health practices are not isolated or spontaneous events, they have a development closely related to the economic, political, social and cultural reality of a social group. The importance of analyzing health research productions published in the Journal Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu is considered in this article. This task involves considering aspects of the past and the present of the health disciplines as a particular ! eld of knowledge. The Health Area was incorporated into the UNJU organigram in 1994, in response to the creation of the Health Education Program, which has promoted the contribution of professors trained in different disciplines, in articulation with students of the career. This constituted a starting point for the increase in publications in this area. In this way, a corpus of ideas was built, where local health issues were addressed, taking as reference theoretical frameworks from the Social and Human Sciences. It is concluded that health research should be considered as an adequate tool to strengthen and evaluate the economic, social, historical and cultural determinants of health, thus enrich regional and national development plans. The Journal Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu as an organ of dissemination and transfer of knwoledge has adequately contributedto this task.Fil: Aramayo, Laura Fabiola del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Bejarano, Ignacio Felipe. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Alderete, Ethel del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentin

Smoking during pregnancy among primary health care clients in Argentina. Identification of resources and stressors

Background Cigarette smoking increases the risk of perinatal disorders like premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low-birth weight. Rates of smoking during pregnancy (SDP) vary, from 9.9% in Japan to 17% in Australia and 30-35% in Spain. To determine variations in the risk of SDP and tailor interventions, understanding predictors is crucial. Methods This study was conducted in 2014, among participants of free maternal-child health services in four cities of Northwest Argentina. Mothers of children from birth to 5 years of age responded to a questionnaire (N=1107) in 16 randomly selected clinics. We conducted bi- and multivariate analysis of SDP by psychosocial risk factors. Results A 10.3% of respondents reported SDP, with lower rates among Indigenous vs. non-Indigenous women (4.7% vs. 11%). A greater percentage of mothers who did not report SDP had full term babies, and reported that the child's health was excellent or very good, but no significant differences were reported regarding child's health problems at birth. In bivariate analysis, educational level, occupational status, concern about household income, externalizing behavior, number of smokers in the household and the number of cigarettes smoked in the previous month, were significant risks. In multivariate analysis, Indigenous women were less likely to report SDP (OR 0.2); complete elementary or incomplete high school education were protective factors (OR 0.3) but higher educational status was not significant, compared with having less than elementary education. Students (OR 2.8), the unemployed or those with informal work (OR 9.6) were at risk compared with the formally employed. Conclusions Understanding social norms, resources and stressors among women of different ethnic groups or educational and occupational status, could increase the efficacy of prevention strategies. We propose that close to zero exposure to cigarette smoke in utero is achievable and should be a Tobacco Free Generations primordial objective

Emerging themes in food security: environmental justice, extended families and the multiple roles of grandmothers

Abstract Background Pre- and perinatal nutritional status defines the development of adult metabolism and energy balance in humans. Young children in poor households are disproportionately more vulnerable to food insecurity given the cumulative impact of chronic stress on susceptibility to chronic diseases as an adult. Qualitative studies focusing on the experience of food insecurity in Latin America are scarce. In Argentina, although socioeconomic indicators improved in the aftermath of the 2001ecomomic crisis, the disadvantaged provinces in the north continue to bear the burden of historical inequities. The study was conducted among Primary Health Care patients in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina. It analyzes environmental and household level stressors through the narratives of mothers with young children living with food insecurity, from the perspectives of eco-developmental conceptual frameworks. Methods We conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with mothers of children < 1 to 6 years of age who participated in maternal-child health programs in Primary Health Care clinics and lived in food insecure households. Interviews focused on the environmental context and the resources and processes for obtaining and preparing daily meals. Results The Eco-bio-developmental (EBD) framework and the vulnerability-assets approach, provided a basis for conceptualizing the significance of findings. Our results indicated the need to understand pathways in the association of stressors, vulnerability and ill health, as well as the mitigating role of social relationships. For example, understanding the link between the stress of being exposed to environmental contaminants and the capacity to overcome food insecurity, or developing strategies to integrate the support provided by kinship networks like extended families into food security programs. The results also indicate the importance of developing support mechanisms for vulnerable family members like grandmothers in food insecure households who play instrumental roles as providers and caretakers of younger relatives. Conclusion The empirical evidence generated by this study may inform community based strategies and public health policies to address food insecurity in vulnerable population groups who face health effects from multiple stressors